Narrowband time-division duplex frame structure for narrowband communications

ABSTRACT

There is a need to support narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. The present disclosure provides a solution by supporting one or more narrowband TDD frame structure(s) for narrowband communications. In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. In a further aspect, the apparatus may receive information associated with a narrowband TDD frame structure having a first contiguous uplink transmission duration. The apparatus may transmit a first portion of an uplink transmission comprising a first number of slots in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration. In certain aspects, the uplink transmission may have a duration longer than the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of Indian Application Serial No.201741007075, entitled “NARROWBAND TIME-DIVISION DUPLEX FRAME STRUCTUREFOR NARROWBAND COMMUNICATIONS” and filed on Feb. 28, 2017, which isexpressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, andmore particularly, to a narrowband time-division duplex (TDD) framestructure for narrowband communications.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of suchmultiple-access technologies include code division multiple access(CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency divisionmultiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous codedivision multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standardis 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadbandevolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) tomeet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security,scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and otherrequirements. Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long TermEvolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvementsin 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to othermulti-access technologies and the telecommunication standards thatemploy these technologies.

Narrowband communications involve communicating with a limited frequencybandwidth as compared to the frequency bandwidth used for LTEcommunications. One example of narrowband communication is narrowband(NB) IoT (NB-IoT) communication, which is limited to a single resourceblock (RB) of system bandwidth, e.g., 180 kHz. Another example ofnarrowband communication is enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC),which is limited to six RBs of system bandwidth, e.g., 1.08 MHz.

NB-IoT communication and eMTC may reduce device complexity, enablemulti-year battery life, and provide deeper coverage to reachchallenging locations such as deep inside buildings. There is a need tosupport narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Narrowband communications involve communicating with a limited frequencybandwidth as compared to the frequency bandwidth used for LTEcommunications. One example of narrowband communication is NB-IoTcommunication, which is limited to a single RB of system bandwidth,e.g., 180 kHz. Another example of narrowband communication is eMTC,which is limited to six RBs of system bandwidth, e.g., 1.08 MHz.

NB-IoT communication and eMTC may reduce device complexity, enablemulti-year battery life, and provide deeper coverage to reachchallenging locations such as deep inside buildings. However, becausethe coverage provided by narrowband communications may include reachingchallenging locations (e.g., a smart gas meter located in the basementof a building) there is an increased chance that one or moretransmissions will not be properly received. Consequently, narrowbandcommunications may include a predetermined number of repeatedtransmissions to increase the chance of having the transmission properlydecoded. There is a need to support narrowband TDD frame structure fornarrowband communications.

The present disclosure provides a solution by supporting one or morenarrowband TDD frame structure(s) for narrowband communications. In anaspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and anapparatus are provided. The apparatus may determine a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. The apparatus may alsodetermine a PUSCH format of a group of PUSCH formats for allocating atleast one resource unit (RU) to a UE for a narrowband physical uplinkcontrol channel (NPUCCH). In addition, the apparatus may allocate the atleast one RU to the UE using the determined physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH) format, the RU including multiple subcarriers in each ofone or more slots.

In addition, the apparatus may determine a narrowband TDD framestructure including at least a predetermined number of contiguous uplinksubframes. The apparatus may also determine a first number of symbols ineach of a second number of slots to use in allocating at least one RU toa user equipment (UE) for a narrowband PUSCH (NPUSCH). In one aspect,the first number of symbols and the second number of slots may be basedon the predetermined number of contiguous uplink subframes. Theapparatus may allocate the at least one RU to the UE.

In a further aspect, the apparatus may receive information associatedwith a narrowband TDD frame structure having a first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. The apparatus may transmit a first portion of anuplink transmission comprising a first number of slots in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration. In certain aspects, the uplinktransmission may have a duration longer than the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration.

In one aspect, the apparatus may receive information associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. The apparatus may also transmit anuplink transmission a predetermined number of times using a firstscrambling sequence. In one aspect, the first scrambling sequence mayinclude a first number of least significant bits (LSBs) associated witha first radio frame. In another aspect, the first number of LSBs may belarger than a second number of LSBs used in a second scrambling sequenceassociated with a narrowband frequency-division duplex (FDD) uplinktransmission.

In a further aspect, the apparatus may receive information associatedwith a narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. Inaddition, the apparatus may determine to repeat an uplink transmissionin a first set of radio frames and a second set of radio frames. Theapparatus may determine not to monitor downlink subframes in the firstset of radio frames and the second set of radio frames. The apparatusmay also perform one or more of a timing estimation or a frequencyestimation using at least one downlink subframe in one or more of thefirst set of radio frames or the second set of radio frames.

In another aspect, the apparatus may receive information associated witha narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. Inaddition, the apparatus may transmit a narrowband sounding referencesignal (NB-SRS) to a base station using the narrowband TDD framestructure.

In one aspect, the apparatus may receive information associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications, thenarrowband TDD frame structure including a set of contiguous uplinksubframes. The apparatus may also determine an orthogonal sequencelength associated with a reference signal (RS) based on at least one ofa number of uplink subframes or a number of slots in the set ofcontiguous uplink subframes. In addition, the apparatus may transmit theRS using the determined orthogonal sequence length.

In a further aspect, the apparatus may receive information associatedwith a narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. Theapparatus may also determine a sequence hopping pattern associated witha RS based on at least one of a number of uplink subframes, a number ofslots in the set of contiguous uplink subframes, or a radio framenumber. In addition, the apparatus may transmit the RS using thedetermined sequence hopping pattern.

In another aspect, the apparatus may receive information associated witha narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. Theapparatus may transmit a first symbol group of a first narrowbandphysical random access channel (NPRACH) preamble to a base station. Inone aspect, a first length of the first symbol group may be associatedwith the narrowband TDD frame structure.

In one aspect, the apparatus may receive information associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. In anotheraspect, the apparatus may determine a maximum number of symbol groups ina plurality of symbol groups associated with a NPRACH preamble that fitin an uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure. In afurther aspect, the apparatus may transmit a first subset of theplurality of symbol groups associated with the NPRACH preamble in afirst uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure and a secondsubset of the plurality of symbol groups associated with the NPRACHpreamble in a second uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD framestructure. In one aspect, the first subset may include the maximumnumber of symbol groups. In another aspect, the second subset mayinclude any remaining symbol groups in the plurality of symbol groups orthe maximum number of symbol groups.

In another aspect, the apparatus receive information associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. Theapparatus may also determine a first number of symbol groups of a NPRACHpreamble to transmit in a first uplink occasion in the narrowband TDDframe structure. In one aspect, the first number of symbol groups mayinclude either two symbol groups or three symbol groups.

In a further aspect, the apparatus may receive information associatedwith a narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. Inaddition, the apparatus may determine a hopping pattern associated withtwo pairs of symbol groups of a NPRACH transmitted in one or more uplinkoccasions using the narrowband TDD frame structure.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D are diagrams illustrating LTE examples of a DLframe structure, DL channels within the DL frame structure, an UL framestructure, and UL channels within the UL frame structure, respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an evolved Node B (eNB)and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating example narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating example narrowband PUSCH formats inaccordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating example narrowband subcarrierfrequency spacing in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 5A illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 5B illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 9A illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 9B illustrates a comb structure that may be used to transmit SRSand/or NB-SRS in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 10A illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communicationsystem(s) that may support narrowband communications using narrowbandTDD frame structures in accordance with certain aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 10B illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communicationsystem(s) that may support narrowband communications using narrowbandTDD frame structures in accordance with certain aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a data flow for a narrowband communication system(s)that may support narrowband communications using narrowband TDD framestructures in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIGS. 19A and 19B are a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 28 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

FIG. 29 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 31 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits,processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”).These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computersoftware, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements areimplemented as hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” thatincludes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs),central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors,systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gatedlogic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardwareconfigured to perform the various functionality described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system mayexecute software. Software shall be construed broadly to meaninstructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code,programs, subprograms, software components, applications, softwareapplications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whetherreferred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions describedmay be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded asone or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage mediamay be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise arandom-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic diskstorage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of theaforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other mediumthat can be used to store computer executable code in the form ofinstructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network 100. The wireless communications system(also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes basestations 102, UEs 104, and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160. The basestations 102 may include macro cells (high power cellular base station)and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). The macro cellsinclude base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells,and microcells.

The base stations 102 (collectively referred to as Evolved UniversalMobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network(E-UTRAN)) interface with the EPC 160 through backhaul links 132 (e.g.,S1 interface). In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 mayperform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data,radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, headercompression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network(RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriberand equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging,positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 maycommunicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160) with eachother over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface). The backhaul links134 may be wired or wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may havea coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or moremacro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell andmacro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneousnetwork may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which mayprovide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group(CSG). The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and theUEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link)transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL)(also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input andmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatialmultiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communicationlinks may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102/UEs 104may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidthper carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of YxMHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. Thecarriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation ofcarriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or lesscarriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriersmay include a primary component carrier and one or more secondarycomponent carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as aprimary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referredto as a secondary cell (SCell).

Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device(D2D) communication link 192. The D2D communication link 192 may use theDL/UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 192 may use one or moresidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel(PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physicalsidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel(PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2Dcommunications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia,Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi accesspoint (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 viacommunication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. Whencommunicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152/AP 150may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating inorder to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensedfrequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum,the small cell 102′ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensedfrequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102′,employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage toand/or increase capacity of the access network.

The gNodeB (gNB) 180 may operate in millimeter wave (mmW) frequenciesand/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE 104. When thegNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may bereferred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) ispart of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters.Radio waves in the band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. NearmmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHzand 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications usingthe mmW/near mmW radio frequency band has extremely high path loss and ashort range. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 184 withthe UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and shortrange.

The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, otherMMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC)170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be incommunication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 isthe control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 andthe EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connectionmanagement. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferredthrough the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDNGateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation aswell as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 areconnected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include theInternet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS StreamingService, and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functionsfor MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serveas an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used toauthorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobilenetwork (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMSGateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN)area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible forsession management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS relatedcharging information.

The base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, an eNB, anaccess point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radiotransceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), anextended service set (ESS), or some other suitable terminology. The basestation 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 for a UE 104.Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a sessioninitiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimediadevice, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), acamera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, avehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchenappliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a display, or any othersimilar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to asIoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heartmonitor, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, amobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit,a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, awireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriberstation, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, aremote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, orsome other suitable terminology.

Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the base station 102/UE104 may be configured to support one or more narrowband TDD framestructure(s) for narrowband communications (198), e.g., as describedbelow in connection to any of FIGS. 4A-32.

FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a DL frame structurein LTE. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of channelswithin the DL frame structure in LTE. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250illustrating an example of an UL frame structure in LTE. FIG. 2D is adiagram 280 illustrating an example of channels within the UL framestructure in LTE. Other wireless communication technologies may have adifferent frame structure and/or different channels. In LTE, a frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes. Each subframe mayinclude two consecutive time slots. A resource grid may be used torepresent the two time slots, each time slot including one or more timeconcurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs(PRBs)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements(REs). In LTE, for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols (for DL,OFDM symbols; for UL, SC-FDMA symbols) in the time domain, for a totalof 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in thetime domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by eachRE depends on the modulation scheme.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry DL reference (pilot)signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The DL-RS may includecell-specific reference signals (CRS) (also sometimes called common RS),UE-specific reference signals (UE-RS), and channel state informationreference signals (CSI-RS). FIG. 2A illustrates CRS for antenna ports 0,1, 2, and 3 (indicated as R₀, R₁, R₂, and R₃, respectively), UE-RS forantenna port 5 (indicated as R5), and CSI-RS for antenna port 15(indicated as R). FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various channelswithin a DL subframe of a frame. The physical control format indicatorchannel (PCFICH) is within symbol 0 of slot 0, and carries a controlformat indicator (CFI) that indicates whether the physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) occupies 1, 2, or 3 symbols (FIG. 2B illustratesa PDCCH that occupies 3 symbols). The PDCCH carries downlink controlinformation (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs),each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including fourconsecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. A UE may be configured with aUE-specific enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) that also carries DCI. The ePDCCHmay have 2, 4, or 8 RB pairs (FIG. 2B shows two RB pairs, each subsetincluding one RB pair). The physical hybrid automatic repeat request(ARQ) (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) is also within symbol 0 of slot 0and carries the HARQ indicator (HI) that indicates HARQ acknowledgement(ACK)/negative ACK (NACK) feedback based on the physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH). The primary synchronization channel (PSCH) is withinsymbol 6 of slot 0 within subframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries aPSS that is used by a UE to determine subframe timing and a physicallayer identity. The secondary synchronization channel (SSCH) is withinsymbol 5 of slot 0 within subframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries anSSS that is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identitygroup number. Based on the physical layer identity and the physicallayer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cellidentifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locationsof the aforementioned DL-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) iswithin symbols 0, 1, 2, 3 of slot 1 of subframe 0 of a frame, andcarries a master information block (MIB). The MIB provides a number ofRBs in the DL system bandwidth, a PHICH configuration, and a systemframe number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carriesuser data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCHsuch as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry demodulation referencesignals (DM-RS) for channel estimation at the eNB. The UE mayadditionally transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) in the lastsymbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE maytransmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by an eNB forchannel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling onthe UL. FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various channels within an ULsubframe of a frame. A physical random access channel (PRACH) may bewithin one or more subframes within a frame based on the PRACHconfiguration. The PRACH may include six consecutive RB pairs within asubframe. The PRACH allows the UE to perform initial system access andachieve UL synchronization. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)may be located on edges of the UL system bandwidth. The PUCCH carriesuplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channelquality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rankindicator (RI), and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, andmay additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a powerheadroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an eNB 310 in communication with a UE 350in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may beprovided to a controller/processor 375. The controller/processor 375implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radioresource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet dataconvergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, anda medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 375provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of systeminformation (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRCconnection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connectionmodification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology(RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrityprotection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLClayer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packetdata units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation,segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs),re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks(TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logicalchannel prioritization.

The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer,may include error detection on the transport channels, forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels,interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels,modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antennaprocessing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signalconstellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binaryphase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK),M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier,multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/orfrequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a timedomain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded toproduce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channelestimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme,as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derivedfrom a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted bythe UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a differentantenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX maymodulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream fortransmission.

At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through itsrespective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers informationmodulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive(RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatialprocessing on the information to recover any spatial streams destinedfor the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350,they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbolstream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream fromthe time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbolstream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on eachsubcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated bydetermining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted bythe eNB 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimatescomputed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are thendecoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals thatwere originally transmitted by the eNB 310 on the physical channel. Thedata and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

The controller/processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 359provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signalprocessing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DLtransmission by the eNB 310, the controller/processor 359 provides RRClayer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs)acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layerfunctionality associated with header compression/decompression, andsecurity (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrityverification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer ofupper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation,segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC dataPDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionalityassociated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs,scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ,priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the eNB 310 may be used by the TXprocessor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes,and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated bythe TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 viaseparate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RFcarrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

The UL transmission is processed at the eNB 310 in a manner similar tothat described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350.Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RFcarrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

The controller/processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 375provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from thecontroller/processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Narrowband communications involve communicating with a limited frequencybandwidth as compared to the frequency bandwidth used for LTEcommunications. One example of narrowband communication is NB-IoTcommunication, which is limited to a single RB of system bandwidth,e.g., 180 kHz. Another example of narrowband communication is eMTC,which is limited to six RBs of system bandwidth.

NB-IoT communication and eMTC may reduce device complexity, enablemulti-year battery life, and provide deeper coverage to reachchallenging locations such as deep inside buildings. However, becausethe coverage provided by narrowband communications may include reachingchallenging locations (e.g., a smart gas meter located in the basementof a building) there is an increased chance that one or moretransmissions will not be properly received. Consequently, narrowbandcommunications may include a predetermined number of repeatedtransmissions to increase the chance of having the transmission properlydecoded. There is a need to support narrowband TDD frame structure fornarrowband communications.

The present disclosure provides a solution by supporting NPDCCH, NPDSCH,NPUCCH, and/or NPUSCH transmissions that use a narrowband TDD framestructure.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a narrowband TDD frame structure 400that may be used for narrowband communications in accordance withcertain aspects of the disclosure. In an aspect, the narrowband TDDframe structure 400 may be determined from the group of narrowband TDDframe structures (e.g., configuration 0-configuration o) listed in table410. For example, a base station may determine the narrowband TDD framestructure based on higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC messaging) receivedfrom the network. Additionally and/or alternatively, the base stationmay determine the narrowband TDD frame structure based on channelconditions.

In one aspect, the narrowband TDD frame structure 400 may include a 10ms frame split into two half frames, each 5 ms long. The half-frames maybe further split into five subframes, each 1 ms long. The narrowband TDDframe structure 400 may include any one of the narrowband configurationslisted in table 410.

Switching periodicity refers to the time a UE may need to switch betweenmonitoring a downlink subframe (e.g., for downlink transmissions from abase station) and sending a transmission using an uplink subframe, orvice versa. Depending on the determined narrowband TDD frame structure400, the switching periodicity may be 5 ms, 10 ms, or more than 10 ms(e.g., 20 ms). For narrowband TDD frame structures 412 with a 5 msswitching periodicity, a special subframe (SSF) may exist in both halfframes of the narrowband TDD frame structure 400. For narrowband TDDframe structures 414 with a 10 ms switching periodicity, the specialsubframe may exist in the first half frame but not in the second halfframe. For narrowband TDD frame structures 416 with more than a 10 msswitching periodicity, special subframes may only be present whenswitching from DL to UL, and hence may not be present on all frames. Inthe narrowband TDD frame structures 412, 414 that include a specialsubframe (e.g., configurations 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), subframes 0 and5 as well as the Downlink Pilot Time Slot (DwPTS) in the specialsubframe may be reserved for downlink transmissions. Additionally and/oralternatively, in the narrowband TDD frame structures 412, 414 thatinclude a special subframe, the Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS) in thespecial subframe and the subframe immediately following the specialsubframe may be reserved for the uplink transmission.

When operating in in-band mode and/or guard-band mode, the narrowbandTDD frame structure 400 may reuse certain LTE TDD frame structures(e.g., see configurations 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 in FIG. 4A). Additionallyand/or alternatively, some subframes in the narrowband TDD framestructure 400 may be marked as flexible subframes (e.g., seeconfiguration/and o in FIG. 4A) and may be used as either a downlinksubframe or an uplink subframe by a UE depending on the current grantreceived from the base station.

In certain aspects, a subset of the narrowband TDD configurations listedin table 410 in FIG. 4A may be used to support narrowbandcommunications. For example, configuration 0 may not be suitable fornarrowband communications because configuration 0 only has two downlinksubframes. In one configuration, narrowband communications that use anarrowband TDD frame structure may only be supported in in-band modeand/or guard-band mode (e.g., but not standalone mode). In anotherconfiguration, narrowband communications that use a narrowband TDD framestructure may support in-band mode, guard-band mode, and standalonemode.

In addition, multiple narrowband downlink carriers and multiplenarrowband uplink carriers may be used to enhance narrowbandcommunication between a base station and a LIE. Among the carriers, anarrowband anchor carrier may be used to provide synchronization, systeminformation, paging, data and control for multi-carrier enabled UEs.Thereby, narrowband system information overhead may be reduced. Forinstance, synchronization and paging for a certain cell may not beprovided on all narrowband carriers. Narrowband carriers that do notprovide synchronization and/or paging may be referred to narrowbandnon-anchor carriers. Coordination between base stations for selectinganchor carriers that mitigate interference and for transmit powercontrol for non-anchor carriers provide further network performanceadvantages.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a radio frame 430 that may be used fornarrowband communications in accordance with certain aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating a 10 ms frame with a 15 kHz subcarrierspacing 480, a 20 ms frame with a 7.5 kHz subcarrier spacing 470, and a40 ms frame with a 3.75 kHz spacing 460 in accordance with certainaspects of the disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 4B and 4C, the radio frame 430 may include a 10 msframe, a 20 ms frame, or a 40 ms frame depending on the subcarrierspacing. For example, a 10 ms frame may have a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing(e.g., see item 480 in FIG. 4C). In addition, a 20 ms frame may have a7.5 kHz subcarrier spacing (see, item 470 in FIG. 4C). Further, a 40 msframe may have a 3.75 kHz spacing (see, item 460 in FIG. 4C).

In certain configurations, the radio frame 430 may be split into 10subframes that are each made up of 2 slots. Each of the slots may bex/20 ms in length depending on whether the frame is a 10 ms frame, a 20ms frame, or a 40 ms frame. In one aspect, x may be equal to the lengthof the frame (e.g., 10 ms, 20 ms, or 40 ms). In other words, each slotin a 10 ms frame (e.g., 15 kHz subcarrier spacing) may be 0.5 ms induration, each slot in a 20 ms frame (e.g., 7.5 kHz subcarrier spacing)may be 1 ms in duration, and each slot in a 40 ms frame (e.g., 3.75 kHzsubcarrier spacing) may be 2 ms in duration.

Referring to FIG. 4B, each slot may be divided into NNB number ofsubcarriers that each have the same subcarrier spacing (e.g., 3.75 kHz,7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz) and N_(symb) of orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplex (OFDM) symbols (e.g., 7 OFDM symbols).

Various NPUSCH formats may be used by a base station to allocateresources for one or more uplink transmissions from a UE. For example, abase station may use NPUSCH format 1 to allocate resources for uplinkdata transmissions (e.g., NPUSCH). When resources for an acknowledgement(e.g., NPUCCH or ACK/NACK) to a downlink transmission are allocated to aUE, NPUSCH format 2 may be used. For example, when a base stationtransmits an NPDCCH, NPUSCH format 2 may be used to allocate resourcesfor an ACK/NACK response from a UE. The smallest unit a base station mayuse to map a transport block (TB) for either an NPUSCH, NPUCCH, and/orACK/NACK may be a resource unit (RU).

For legacy NPUSCH format 2 (e.g. in FDD NB-IoT systems), the RU may becomposed of a single subcarrier with a length of 4 slots. Consequently,for 3.75 kHz subcarrier spacing the RU has an 8 ms duration and for 15kHz subcarrier spacing the RU has a 2 ms duration. An example of alegacy NPUSCH format 2 with an RU allocated in a single subcarrier isillustrated in slot structure 440 in FIG. 4B.

Certain narrowband TDD frame structures may include only a few uplinksubframes (e.g., see configuration 5 in FIG. 4A which has only oneuplink subframe). When configuration 5 is used for the narrowband TDDframe structure a UE may send the uplink transmission in one uplinksubframe (e.g., 2 slots) in a first radio frame and in another uplinksubframe (e.g., 2 slots) in a second radio frame even in goodsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. Uplink transmissions that aretransmitted over different radio frames may experience a change inchannel conditions, and the base station may not be able to properlydecode an uplink transmission sent over different radio frames. Inaddition, sending uplink transmissions over different radio frames mayalso introduce a large delay in decoding the channel. There is a need tomodify the legacy NPUSCH format 2 such that an uplink transmissionreceived over different radio frame in a narrowband TDD frame structuremay be properly decoded by a base station.

To increase the chance of proper decoding at the base station, thepresent disclosure provides a modified NPUSCH format 2 structure may beused to allocate an RU in multiple subcarriers across multiple slots asillustrated in slot structure 450 in FIG. 4B. Although 4 subcarriers areillustrated in FIG. 4B as being allocated for the RU, any number of 2 ormore subcarriers may be used for allocating the RU without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

By increasing the number of carriers that are used for allocating an RU,the base station may have an increased chance of properly decoding anuplink transmission sent over different radio frames because moreresource elements in each slot may be used to carry the uplinktransmission and/or the RU may be allocated in one or two slots due tothe increased number of resource elements allocated across multiplesubcarriers, and hence, in some cases, avoid splitting the uplinktransmission into discontinuous parts (e.g. spanning multiple radioframes).

Resource Units

FIG. 5A illustrates a data flow 500 for base station 502 to allocate oneor more RUs to UE 504 for an uplink transmission (e.g., NPUCCH and/orACK/NACK) in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. Basestation 502 may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 602, 702,802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 504 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350,604, 704, 804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 502 and the UE 504 may beconfigured to communicate using narrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoTand/or eMTC). For example, the UE 504 may be an NB-IoT device and/or aneMTC device.

In one aspect, base station 502 may determine 501 a narrowband TDD framestructure for narrowband communications. For example, the base station502 may determine 501 the narrowband TDD frame structure is one ofconfiguration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG. 4A.

In addition, base station 502 may determine 503 a PUSCH format (e.g.,NPUSCH format 2 or modified PUSCH format 2) to allocate at least one RUto UE 504 for an NPUCCH (e.g., ACK/NACK). For example, base station 502may determine to use modified NPUSCH format 2 (e.g., see 450 in FIG. 4B)to allocate one or more RUs to UE 504 for an NPUCCH across one or moresubcarriers in one or more slots. In certain configurations, thedetermining the PUSCH format may be based on a number of uplinksubframes in the narrowband TDD frame structure. In certain otherconfigurations, a number of the one or more subcarriers in each of oneor more slots may correspond to a number of uplink subframes in thenarrowband TDD frame structure. In certain other configurations, anumber of the one or more subcarriers in each of one or more slots maycorrespond to a maximum transmission delay or round trip timeline. Incertain other configurations, a number of the one or more subcarriers ineach of one or more slots may correspond to a number of RU used totransmit the determined PUSCH format in a predetermined number of slots.

In another aspect, base station 502 may allocate 505 the at least one RUto the UE 504 using the determined PUSCH format. In one aspect, the RUmay include one or more subcarriers in each of one or more slots. Inanother aspect, each of the multiple subcarriers may have an associatedsubcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. Forexample, base station 502 may allocate one or more subcarriers in one ormore slots (e.g., four slots) to the UE 504 for an NPUCCH. If thesubcarrier spacing of the narrowband TDD frame structure is 3.75 kHz,base station 502 may allocate one or more RUs in either a single slot orin two slots. In certain configurations, the associated subcarrierfrequency spacing may correspond to a slot duration.

In addition, base station 502 may transmit information 507 indicatingthe NPUSCH format and the RUs allocated to the UE 504 for the NPUCCH.For example, the information 507 may indicate whether NPUSCH format 2 ormodified PUSCH format 2 is used to allocate RU(s). The information mayindicate how many subcarriers the RU(s) occupy when NPUSCH format 2 isthe determined PUSCH format. In one aspect, the information 507 may besent in DCI.

FIG. 5B illustrates a data flow 550 for base station 502 to allocate oneor more RUs to UE 504 for an uplink transmission (e.g., NPUSCH) inaccordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. Base station 502 maycorrespond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002,1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′.UE 504 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1004,1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus 2902/2902′. In addition, thebase station 502 and the UE 504 may be configured to communicate usingnarrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoT and/or eMTC). For example, theUE 504 may be an NB-IoT device and/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, base station 502 may determine 509 a narrowband TDD framestructure including at least a predetermined number of contiguous uplinksubframes. In one aspect, the predetermined number of subframes mayinclude three contiguous uplink subframes each 1 ms in length (e.g., 15kHz subcarrier spacing). For example, the base station 502 may determine509 the narrowband TDD frame structure is one of configuration 0 or 6from table 410 in FIG. 4A when the predetermined number of contiguousuplink subframes is three contiguous uplink subframes. In anotheraspect, the predetermined number of contiguous uplink subframes mayinclude two contiguous uplink subframes or more than three contiguousuplink subframes.

In another aspect, base station 502 may determine 511 a first number ofsymbols in each of a second number of slots to use in allocating atleast one RU to UE 504 for an NPUSCH. In one aspect, the first number ofsymbols and the second number of slots may be based on the predeterminednumber of contiguous uplink subframes. In another aspect, each slot inthe second number of slots may have an associated subcarrier frequencyspacing of 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. In a further aspect, thesubcarrier frequency spacing may be a function of the configuration usedfor the narrowband TDD subframe structure. In certain configurations,the second number of slots may include 6 slots. In certain otherconfigurations, the second number of slots may include 10 slots.

Legacy RU allocation may be in units of 2 slots (e.g., one uplinksubframe), 4 slots (two uplink subframes), 8 slots (e.g., four uplinksubframes), and/or 16 slots (e.g., eight uplink subframes). Each slotmay have 7 OFDM symbols. When an RU is allocated in a narrowband TDDframe structure across 3 contiguous uplink subframes (e.g., 6 slots)with a 3 ms duration (e.g., 15 kHz subcarrier spacing), using legacy RUallocation units may leave resources unused. For example, an 4 slotlegacy RU allocation may be used for a TDD configuration with a durationof 6 contiguous UL slots. Allocating 4 slots for an RU with a durationof 6 slots resources may leave the resources in fifth and sixth slots ofthe available UL slots unused.

In a first configuration, when configurations 0 or 3 are used as thenarrowband TDD frame structure, 3 contiguous uplink subframes with a 3ms duration are located in each radio frame. In other words, 6 uplinkslots may be available in each radio frame for uplink transmission(s).Thus, RU allocation may include 6 slots (e.g., each with 7 OFDMsymbols), which may use the available uplink resources in each radioframe more efficiently than by using legacy RU allocation units.

In a second configuration, when configuration 6 is used as thenarrowband TDD frame structure, 3 contiguous subframes (e.g., 6 slots)are located in the first half frame of a radio frame and 2 contiguousuplink subframes (e.g., 4 slots) are located in the second half frame ofthe radio frame. In other words, 10 uplink slots may be available ineach radio frame for uplink transmission(s). Thus, RU allocation mayinclude 10 slots (e.g., each with 7 OFDM symbols), which may use theavailable uplink resources in each radio frame more efficiently than byusing legacy RU allocation units.

In a third configuration, when uplink subframes with a 3.75 kHzsubcarrier spacing are used for RU allocation, RU allocation units mayinclude more or fewer than 16 slots (e.g., each with 7 OFDM symbols). AnRU allocation of more or fewer than 16 slots may use the availableuplink resources in each radio frame more efficiently than by usinglegacy RU allocation units.

In a further aspect, base station 502 may allocate 513 the at least oneRU to the UE 504. In one aspect, the RU may include a single subcarrieror multiple subcarriers in each of one or more slots. In another aspect,each of the multiple subcarriers may have an associated subcarrierfrequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. For example,base station 502 may allocate two or more subcarriers in six slots tothe UE 504 for a NPUSCH.

In addition, base station 502 may transmit information 515 indicatingthe RUs allocated to the UE 504 for the NPUSCH. For example, theinformation 515 may be sent in DCI.

Uplink Transmissions

FIG. 6 illustrates a data flow 600 of an uplink transmission sent from aUE 604 to a base station 602 in accordance with certain aspects of thedisclosure. Base station 602 may correspond to, e.g., base station 102,180, 502, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310,apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 604 may correspond to, e.g., UE104, 350, 504, 704, 804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750,apparatus 2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 602 and the UE 604may be configured to communicate using narrowband communications (e.g.,NB-IoT and/or eMTC). For example, the UE 604 may be an NB-IoT deviceand/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 604 may receive information 601 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure that has a first set of contiguous uplinksubframes with a first number of slots. For example, the narrowband TDDframe structure may be one of configuration 0, 1, 3, 4, or 6 from table410 in FIG. 4A that each include contiguous uplink subframes. In oneaspect, the narrowband TDD frame structure may include a first set ofcontiguous uplink subframes and a second set of contiguous uplinksubframes. For example, the narrowband TDD frame structures that includea first and second set of contiguous uplink subframes may beconfiguration 0, 1, and/or 6 from table 410 in FIG. 4A. In anotheraspect, the narrowband TDD frame structure may include a single set ofcontiguous uplink subframes. For example, the narrowband TDD framestructures that include a single set of contiguous uplink subframes maybe configuration 3 and/or 4 from table 410 in FIG. 4A. Such TDDconfigurations are defined for 10 ms frame, 15 kHz subcarrier spacingwhere each subframe is 1 ms long. In a system employing multiplesubcarrier spacings, the TDD configuration can be thought of asspecifying a duration of uplink transmissions and downlinktransmissions.

When using a narrowband TDD frame structure, an uplink transmission maybe sent over a plurality of slots. A slot, if defined as 7 OFDM symbols,is 0.5 ms long for 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, 1 ms long for 7.5 kHzsubcarrier spacing and 2 ms long for 3.75 kHz subcarrier spacing. The ULtransmission within a slot comprises both pilots and data and is meantto be self-decodable. Since the pilots within the slot are used todecode the data it is desirable to have all symbols in the slottransmitted together or in close proximity to each other. Transmitting aslot for example over two discontinuous UL durations may lead to aperformance loss. In a first configuration, UE 604 may transmit a firstportion of the uplink transmission using a maximum number of full slotsthat fit in a first contiguous uplink transmission duration and transmita remaining portion of the uplink transmission using at least a portionof the next contiguous uplink transmission duration. In a secondconfiguration, UE 604 may transmit a first portion of the uplinktransmission using at least a partial slot in a first contiguous uplinktransmission duration and a remaining portion of the uplink transmissionusing at least a partial slot in the next contiguous uplink transmissionduration. In a third configuration, new slot formats may be defined withfewer symbols per slot as the subcarrier spacing decreases so that theduration is time for a slot is the same for all supported subcarrierspacing.

In the first configuration, UE 604 may transmit the first portion of theuplink transmission 605 using all full slots in the first set ofcontiguous uplink transmission duration. In other words, UE 604 maydetermine the number of slots that can be transmitted fully in the firstcontiguous UL transmission duration and transmit the first portion ofthe uplink transmission 605 using all available symbols in thedetermined number of slots in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration, and then move to the next uplink transmission duration totransmit a second portion (e.g., remaining portion) of the uplinktransmission 607 using full slots that fit in the next contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In a first example, assume that the information601 received by UE 604 indicates that configuration 1 is used for thenarrowband TDD frame structure, and that the duration of the uplinktransmission is eight slots (e.g., four subframes) with each slot being0.5 ms long. The first contiguous uplink transmission duration inconfiguration 1 may be 2 ms long (e.g., subframes 2 and 3), and thesecond set of contiguous uplink transmission duration in configuration 1may be 2 ms long (e.g., subframes 7 and 8). Hence, in accordance withthe first configuration, UE 604 may transmit the first portion of theuplink transmission 605 comprising 4 slots in first contiguous uplinktransmission duration in a radio frame. UE 604 may transmit the secondportion of the uplink transmission 607 comprising the remaining 4 slotsusing the second contiguous uplink transmission duration in the firstradio frame. However, if the duration of the uplink transmission is 6slots, then the UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 with the first four slots of the first contiguousuplink transmission duration, and the remaining portion of the uplinktransmission with the last two slots of the second contiguous uplinktransmission duration and potentially not transmit anything in theremaining portion.

In a second example, assume that the information 601 received by UE 604indicates that configuration 6 is used for the narrowband TDD framestructure, and that the duration of the uplink transmission is 4 ms andthat each slot has a 2 ms duration (e.g., 3.75 kHz subcarrier spacing).For an uplink transmission starting with the radio frame, the firstcontiguous uplink duration in configuration 6 is 3 ms long and thesecond uplink duration in configuration 6 is 2 ms long (not consideringthe special subframe). Therefore, only one uplink full slot will fitwithin the first contiguous uplink transmission duration. In accordancewith the first configuration UE 604 may transmit the first slot in thefirst contiguous uplink duration and transmit the second slot in thenext contiguous uplink duration. In accordance with the secondconfiguration, UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 using all the symbols corresponding to the first slotand a portion of the symbols (e.g., partial slot/fewer than 7 OFDMsymbols) of the second slot. UE 604 may transmit the second portion ofthe uplink transmission 607 using a portion of the symbols (e.g.,remaining portion of the partial slot/fewer than 7 OFDM symbols) in thenext uplink duration, or the UE 604 may puncture the rest of theprevious partial slot (e.g. not transmit the punctured slots) and starttransmission of a new slot in the next uplink duration. Unused portionsof the second uplink transmission duration may be punctured. Note thatthe first and second uplink transmission duration are with respect towhen the UE 604 starts an uplink transmission. If the UE 604 starts theuplink transmission in the second half of the radio frame for TDDconfiguration 6, corresponding to that transmission, the first uplinkduration would be 2 ms and second uplink duration would be 3 ms.

In a first aspect of the second configuration, UE 604 may rate match 603a first portion of an uplink transmission in the first uplinktransmission duration based on a total number of symbols in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration. In a second aspect of thesecond configuration, UE 604 may rate match 603 the first portion of theuplink transmission 605 in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration based on a total number of symbols (e.g., 7 OFDM symbols) inthe first slot and the first subset of symbols in the second slot. Inone aspect, the first portion of the uplink transmission 605 may betransmitted using a pilot pattern based on all the symbols (e.g., 7 OFDMsymbols) in the first slot and the first subset of symbols (e.g., fewerthan 7 OFDM symbols) in the second slot. In either the first aspect orthe second aspect of the second configuration, UE 604 may transmit thefirst portion of the uplink transmission 605 using all symbols in afirst slot in the first number of slots and a first subset of symbols ina second slot in the first number of slots. In certain configurations,UE 604 may perform rate matching by assuming the entire slot istransmitted and then puncturing the symbols that do not actually gettransmitted. In certain other configurations, the UE 604 may performrate matching by assuming the reduced number of symbols due to thepartial slot. In certain aspects, a new pilot pattern may be defined forthe new partial slot structure. Alternately, the pilot patterncorresponding to the full slot may be used with puncturing. That is, ifthe partial slot has N symbols, the pilot symbols outside the N symbolsare punctured.

In addition, UE 604 may transmit a second portion of the uplinktransmission 607 using a second subset of symbols in a third slotlocated in a second contiguous uplink transmission duration. In oneaspect, the first subset of symbols and the second subset of symbols maybe equal to all symbols in an uplink subframe. In another aspect, thesecond subset of symbols may be associated with a second contiguousuplink transmission duration.

Scrambling/Repetitions

Data scrambling may be used to transpose and/or invert signals orotherwise encode an uplink transmission (e.g., NPUCCH and/or NPUSCH)with a predetermined scrambling sequence. The scrambling sequence may beunintelligible to a device (e.g., base station and/or UE) not equippedwith an appropriately set descrambler, and hence only an intended devicemay properly decode the uplink transmission. The scrambling also helpsmake interference from other devices random.

Using a narrowband FDD frame structure, the scrambling sequence for theuplink transmission may remain the same for a predetermined number ofrepeated transmissions across a set of uplink subframes. The use of thesame scrambling across repetitions may simplify receiver implementationsince the same scrambling across repetitions may combine the differentrepetitions before descrambling and demodulation. To increase the chanceof properly decoding the uplink transmission, a base station may combinethe uplink transmission across each of the repeated transmissions beforedescrambling and demodulation so long as the channel does not varyacross the repeated transmissions. The UE may combine post demodulationto achieve the benefits of repetitions potentially at the expense ofhigher complexity.

The legacy FDD scrambling sequence may be dependent on the LSBassociated with the frame number. For example, the legacy FDD scramblingsequence may be defined as c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+n_(f) mod2·2¹³+[n_(s)/2]·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(Ncell), where n_(f) is the radio framenumber, n_(RNTI) is the radio network temporary identifier that is usedto identify a connected mode UE located in a cell, n_(s) is the slotnumber, and N_(ID) ^(Ncell) is the cell identification.

Because an uplink transmission sent using a narrowband TDD framestructure may span multiple radio frames (e.g., discussed supra withrespect to FIG. 5), a base station may not be able to combine a repeatedtransmission that uses the same scrambling sequence across differentradio frames due to changes in channel conditions.

There is a need to update a scrambling sequence for a repeated uplinktransmission using a narrowband TDD frame structure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a data flow 700 of repeated uplink transmissions withdifferent scrambling sequences sent from a UE 704 to a base station 702in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. Base station 702may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502, 602, 802, 902,1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus 1702/1702′,3102/3102′. UE 704 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 804,904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus 2902/2902′. Inaddition, the base station 702 and the UE 704 may be configured tocommunicate using narrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoT and/or eMTC).For example, the UE 704 may be an NB-IoT device and/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 704 may receive information 701 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the narrowband TDD framestructure may be one of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o fromtable 410 in FIG. 4A.

In another aspect, UE 704 may transmit an uplink transmission 703 apredetermined number of times using a first scrambling sequence. Forexample, each uplink transmission may be repeated M number of times withthe same scrambling sequence. Repeating the uplink transmission M numberof times may aid in combining the uplink transmission by the basestation 702 before descrambling, but may come at cost of not randomizinginterference. In one aspect, the first scrambling sequence may include afirst number of LSBs associated with a first radio frame. In anotheraspect, the first number of LSBs may be larger than a second number ofLSBs used in a second scrambling sequence associated with a narrowbandFDD uplink transmission.

Since one uplink transmission may span multiple radio frames when usinga narrowband TDD frame structure, UE 704 may update the scramblingsequence to use more LSBs of the n_(f) (e.g., the radio frame number) toavoid repeating the scrambling sequence as a smaller number of uplinkslots (e.g., uplink subframes) are available in each radio frame ascompared to a narrowband FDD frame structure. For example, UE 704 mayuse n_(f) mod 10 rather than n_(f) mod 2 in the scrambling sequence. Asmentioned supra, because repetitions of an uplink transmission may occurin different radio frames, base station 702 may not be able to combinethe repetitions prior to demodulation.

In one aspect, the M number of repetitions may be a function ofnarrowband TDD frame structure so that different scrambling sequencesare used for repetitions that occur in different radio frames.Additionally and/or alternatively, the scrambling sequence may be resetacross different sets of uplink subframes within the same radio frame.For example, the uplink transmission 703 may be sent M number of timeswith a same scrambling sequence and then the next M number ofrepetitions 705 may be transmitted with a different scrambling sequence.M may be a function of the number of contiguous or non-contiguous uplinksubframes in a single radio frame. Still further, no identicalrepetitions may be sent (e.g., M=1). In other words, each repetition ofthe uplink transmission 703 may be transmitted one time using a uniquescrambling sequence.

By using different scrambling sequences for repetitions, the basestation 702 of the present disclosure may be able to randomize theinterference across different cells improving the system performance andalso to combine the repetitions and have an increased chance of decodingthe uplink transmission.

Gap Between Uplink Transmission

When an uplink transmission is repeated using a narrowband FDD framestructure, a gap of a predetermined length (e.g., 40 ms) may be locatedafter a predetermined number of radio frames (e.g., 256) that are usedto repeat an uplink transmission. A UE may use the gap to perform timingand/or frequency estimation before continuing to repeat the uplinktransmission in the next set of radio frames. However, because the UEmay need to stop sending the uplink transmission to perform timingand/or frequency estimation during the gap, an increased latencyassociated with decoding the uplink transmission at the base station mayoccur.

There is a need to reduce the latency associated with decoding an uplinktransmission that may be caused by performing timing and/or frequencyestimation by the UE.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 800 for performingtiming and/or frequency estimation by a UE 804 in accordance withcertain aspects of the disclosure. Base station 802 may correspond to,e.g., base station 102, 180, 502, 602, 702, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302,1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 804 maycorrespond to, e.g., UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204,1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus 2902/2902′. In addition, the base station802 and the UE 804 may be configured to communicate using narrowbandcommunications (e.g., NB-IoT and/or eMTC). For example, the UE 804 maybe an NB-IoT device and/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 804 may receive information 801 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the narrowband TDD framestructure may be one of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o fromtable 410 in FIG. 4A.

In another aspect, UE 804 may determine 803 to repeat an uplinktransmission in a first set of radio frames and a second set of radioframes. In certain configurations, the first set of radio frames and thesecond set of radio frames may each include 256 radio frames. In certainother configurations, the first set of radio frames and the second setof radio frames may include more or fewer than 256 radio frames. Thefirst set of radio frames and the second radio frames may include thesame number of radio frames or a different number of radio frames. Theuplink transmissions may include, for example, a narrowband physicalrandom access channel (NPRACH) preamble.

In a further aspect, UE 804 may determine 805 not to monitor downlinksubframes in the first set of radio frames and the second set of radioframes. In one aspect, the UE 804 may receive signaling (e.g., notillustrated in FIG. 8) from base station 802 indicating not to monitorat least a portion of the downlink subframes in one or more of the firstset of radio frames and/or the second set of radio frames.

In addition, UE 804 may perform 807 one or more of a timing estimationor a frequency estimation using at least one downlink subframe in one ormore of the first set of radio frames or the second set of radio frames.By not monitoring at least a portion of the downlink subframes in thefirst radio frame and/or the second radio frame, UE 804 may use theduration of the downlink subframes to perform timing estimation and/orfrequency estimation. Timing estimation and/or frequency estimation maybe used to synchronize (e.g., subframe synchronization) with basestation 802. Because the timing estimation and/or frequency estimationis performed during downlink subframe durations, no time gap may bepresent between the first set of radio frames and the second set ofradio frames. In other words, the timing estimation and/or the frequencyestimation may be performed without using a gap between a first set ofradio frames and a second set of radio frames.

NB-SRS

FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 900 for sendingnarrowband-SRS (NB-SRS) from a UE 904 to a base station 902 inaccordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. Legacy SRStransmitted by a UE may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRSin one of the tones in the comb structure. NB-SRS may be transmitted bythe UE using tones that are left unused in the comb structure. TheNB-SRS may be used by base station 902 for channel quality estimation toenable frequency-dependent scheduling of uplink transmission.

Base station 902 may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502,602, 702, 802, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 904 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350,504, 604, 704, 804, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 902 and the UE 904 may beconfigured to communicate using narrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoTand/or eMTC). For example, the UE 904 may be an NB-IoT device and/or aneMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 904 may receive information 901 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the narrowband TDD framestructure may be one of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o fromtable 410 in FIG. 4A.

In another aspect, UE 904 may transmit an NB-SRS 903 to base station 902using the narrowband TDD frame structure. In one aspect, the NB-SRS 903comprises a single tone SRS. In another aspect, the NB-SRS 903 may betransmitted as a series of uplink transmissions that use frequencyhopping to cover a system bandwidth associated with the narrowbandcommunications. In yet another aspect, the NB-SRS 903 may be transmittedin an uplink portion of a special subframe. Still further, the NB-SRS903 may be multiplexed with a legacy SRS in the uplink portion of thespecial subframe.

FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating the SRS comb structure 915 with NB-SRS925 multiplexed with legacy SRS 935. In certain configurations, certaintones 945 in the comb structure may be unused.

Reference Signal

Using a narrowband FDD frame structure, narrowband reference signal(NRS) sequence orthogonality may be achieved over 16 slots (e.g., thesequence length is defined over 16 slots). For example, a UE maytransmit an NRS over 16 slots using orthogonal sequence length 16.Because an uplink transmission sent using a narrowband TDD framestructure may span multiple radio frames (e.g., discussed supra withrespect to FIG. 5), a base station may not be able to combine an NRSwith an orthogonal sequence length 16 due to changes in channelconditions.

There is a need to update an NRS orthogonal sequence length for an NRStransmitted using a narrowband TDD frame structure.

FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 1000 for sending a NRSfrom a UE 1004 to a base station 1002 in accordance with certain aspectsof the disclosure. The NRS may be a narrowband DM-RS (NB-DM-RS) whichmay be used by base station 1002 to enable coherent signal demodulation.In a second configuration, the NRS may be NB-SRS as discussed supra withrespect to FIG. 9.

Base station 1002 may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502,602, 702, 802, 902, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 1004 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350,504, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 1002 and the UE 1004 may beconfigured to communicate using narrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoTand/or eMTC). For example, the UE 1004 may be an NB-IoT device and/or aneMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 1004 may receive information 1001 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1004 may receiveinformation 1001 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A. In one aspect, the information 1001 may indicate a narrowband TDDframe structure that includes a set of contiguous uplink subframes. Whenthe information 1001 indicates that the narrowband TDD frame structureincludes a set of contiguous uplink subframes, the narrowband TDD framestructure may be one of configuration 0, 1, 3, 4, or 6 from table 410 inFIG. 4A. Each of configurations 0, 1, 3, 4, or 6 include at least two ormore contiguous uplink subframes.

In another aspect, UE 1004 may determine 1003 an orthogonal sequencelength associated with an NRS based on at least one of a number ofuplink subframes or a number of slots in the set of contiguous uplinksubframes. For example, assume that the information 1001 received by UE1004 indicates that configuration 1 is used as the narrowband TDD framestructure. As seen in FIG. 4A, configuration 1 has a set of 2 contiguousuplink subframes (e.g., subframes 2 and 3). The set of 2 contiguousuplink subframes has 4 slots. Hence, UE 1004 may determine 1003 that theorthogonal sequence length associated with the NRS is length 4.Alternatively, when the narrowband TDD frame structure has a singleuplink subframe (e.g., configuration 5), the orthogonal sequence lengthof the NRS may be length 2 as based on the number of slots in the singleuplink subframe (e.g., 2 slots).

In a further aspect, UE 1004 may transmit the NRS 1005 using thedetermined orthogonal sequence length. For example, the NRS 1005 may betransmitted using an NPUSCH format 1 pilot structure. In one aspect, theNRS 1005 may be transmitted using a modified NPUSCH format 1 pilotstructure that includes an increased pilot density per slot than thepilot density used in legacy NPUSCH format 1. For example, the modifiedNPUSCH format 1 may include two pilots per slot rather than one pilotper slot as in legacy NPUSCH format 1.

Sequence-Group Hopping

The sequence-group hopping pattern in a narrowband FDD frame structuremay change from slot to slot in a pseudo-random manner, while the shiftoffset may be fixed in all slots. In other words, the sequence-grouphopping pattern may be a function of slot number. Because uplinksubframes may be spaced apart in a narrowband TDD frame structure, asequence-group hopping pattern that is only a function of slot numbermay repeat across different radio frames, and hence limit diversity.

There is a need for a sequence-group hopping pattern that may not limitdiversity when a narrowband TDD frame structure is used for narrowbandcommunications.

FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 1050 for sending a NRSusing a sequence-group hopping pattern from a UE 1004 to a base station1002 in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. The NRS maybe an NB-DM-RS which may be are used by base station 1002 to enablecoherent signal demodulation and/or channel estimation. In a secondconfiguration, the NRS may be NB-SRS as discussed supra with respect toFIG. 9.

Base station 1002 may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502,602, 702, 802, 902, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 1004 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350,504, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 1002 and the UE 1004 may beconfigured to communicate using narrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoTand/or eMTC). For example, the UE 1004 may be an NB-IoT device and/or aneMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 1004 may receive information 1001 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1004 may receiveinformation 1001 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

In another aspect, UE 1004 may determine 1007 a sequence-hopping patternassociated with a NRS based on at least one of a number of uplinksubframes, a number of slots in the set of contiguous uplink subframes,or a radio frame number. For example, the sequence-hopping pattern maybe a function of one or more LSBs associated with a radio frame number.By using a sequence-hopping pattern that is based on at least one of anumber of uplink subframes, a number of slots in a set of contiguousuplink subframes, or a radio frame number, diversity may be increased ascompared to using a sequence-hopping pattern that is only a function ofthe slot number.

In a further aspect, UE 1004 may transmit the NRS 1009 using thedetermined sequence-hopping pattern.

NPRACH—Symbol Group Size

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 1100 for sending anNPRACH from a UE 1104 to a base station 1102 in accordance with certainaspects of the disclosure. Base station 1102 may correspond to, e.g.,base station 102, 180, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1202, 1302, 1402,2950, eNB 310, apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 1104 may correspondto, e.g., UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1004, 1204, 1304, 1404,1750, apparatus 2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 1102 and theUE 1104 may be configured to communicate using narrowband communications(e.g., NB-IoT and/or eMTC). For example, the UE 1104 may be an NB-IoTdevice and/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 1104 may receive information 1101 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1104 may receiveinformation 1101 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

In another aspect, UE 1104 may transmit a first symbol group 1103 of afirst NPRACH preamble to base station 1102. In one aspect, a firstlength of the first symbol group may be associated with the narrowbandTDD frame structure.

In a first configuration, the first length of the first symbol group maybe shorter than a second length of a second symbol group of a secondNPRACH preamble transmitted using a narrowband FDD frame structure. Inone aspect, the first length may be reduced so repetitions of uplinktransmission fit in a narrowband TDD frame structure. For example, ifthe first length is reduced from 1.4 ms/1.6 ms (e.g., the lengths usedfor narrowband FDD frame structures) to 1 ms, UE 1104 may be able toaccommodate 2 symbol groups in a 2 ms uplink occasion (e.g., a singleuplink subframe or a set of contiguous uplink subframes) and 3 symbolgroups in a 3 ms uplink occasion. A special subframe may be locatedbefore certain uplink occasions, and the timing uncertainty associatedwith the NPRACH may be accommodated by the special subframe locatedbefore the uplink occasion. Reducing the length of the NPRACH preamblemay also enable 1 symbol group to fit within 1 uplink subframe which maybe useful when configuration 2 is used for the narrowband TDD framestructure.

In a second configuration, the first length of the first symbol groupmay be longer than a second length of a second symbol group of a secondNPRACH preamble transmitted using a narrowband FDD frame structure. Inone aspect, the first length may be increased so repetitions of uplinktransmission fit in a narrowband TDD frame structure. For example, theUE 1104 may increase the symbol group size to 2 ms and accommodate 1uplink symbol group in a 2 ms uplink occasion. Transmitting the samesize symbol group in a 2 ms uplink occasion using the symbol group sizeassociated with narrowband FDD frame structures may lead to wastage of0.6 ms/0.4 ms of the 2 ms uplink occasion since the symbol group lengthin narrowband FDD frame structures is 1.4 ms/1.6 ms.

In a third configuration, a first preamble format associated with thefirst NPRACH preamble may be different than a second preamble formatassociated with a second NPRACH preamble transmitted using a narrowbandFDD frame structure.

In a fourth configuration, the first length of the first symbol groupmay be associated with one or more uplink occasions in the narrowbandTDD frame structure. For example, the first length of the first symbolgroup may be a function of the configuration used for the narrowband TDDframe structure.

NPRACH—Preamble

An NPRACH preamble in a narrowband FDD frame structure may include apredetermined number of repetitions (e.g., 4 repetitions) of the symbolgroup discussed supra with respect to FIG. 10B. However, thepredetermined number of repetitions used in narrowband FDD framestructure may not be well suited for narrowband TDD frame structures dueto the limited number of uplink subframes in each radio frame.

There is a need for an NPRACH preamble that is configured for anarrowband TDD frame structure.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 1200 for sendingrepetitions of an NPRACH preamble from a UE 1204 to a base station 1202in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. Base station 1202may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902,1002, 1102, 1302, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′.UE 1204 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1004,1104, 1304, 1404, 1750, apparatus 2902/2902′. In addition, the basestation 1202 and the UE 1204 may be configured to communicate usingnarrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoT and/or eMTC). For example, theUE 1204 may be an NB-IoT device and/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 1204 may receive information 1201 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1204 may receiveinformation 1201 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

In another aspect, UE 1204 may determine 1203 a maximum number of symbolgroups in a plurality of symbol groups associated with an NPRACHpreamble that fit in an uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD framestructure.

In a first configuration, the NPRACH preamble for a narrowband TDD framestructure may include a fixed number of repetitions for the symbolgroup, and UE 1204 may fit the symbol group repetitions across differentuplink occasions serially, fitting as many repetitions as can fit ineach uplink occasion.

In a second configuration, the number of repetitions for the symbolgroup and the sequence-hopping pattern of the NPRACH preamble may be thesame as the number of repetitions and the sequence-hopping pattern usedfor a narrowband FDD frame structure.

In a third configuration, the number of repetitions of the symbol groupmay be a function of the configuration used for the narrowband TDD framestructure.

In a further aspect, UE 1204 may transmit a first subset of theplurality of symbol groups 1205 associated with the NPRACH preamble in afirst uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure and a secondsubset of the plurality of symbol groups 1205 associated with the NPRACHpreamble in a second uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD framestructure. In a first aspect, the first subset may include the maximumnumber of symbol groups. In a second aspect, the second subset mayinclude any remaining symbol groups in the plurality of symbol groups orthe maximum number of symbol groups. In one aspect, a distance betweentones used to transmit each symbol group in the plurality of symbolgroups may be associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 1300 for sendingrepetitions of an NPRACH preamble from a UE 1304 to a base station 1302in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. In one aspect, theNPRACH preamble may be a predefined sequence of mini-preambles (e.g.,the number of symbol groups, hopping type, tone position (X)).Additionally and/or alternatively, the NPRACH preamble may be a functionof the configuration used for the narrowband TDD frame structure and/ornumber of special subframes in the narrowband TDD frame structure.

Base station 1302 may correspond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502,602, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1402, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus1702/1702′, 3102/3102′. UE 1304 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350,504, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1404, 1750, apparatus2902/2902′. In addition, the base station 1302 and the UE 1304 may beconfigured to communicate using narrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoTand/or eMTC). For example, the UE 1304 may be an NB-IoT device and/or aneMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 1304 may receive information 1301 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1304 may receiveinformation 1301 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

In another aspect, UE 1304 may determine 1303 a first number of symbolgroups of a NPRACH preamble to transmit in a first uplink occasion inthe narrowband TDD frame structure. The first number of symbol groupsmay include either two symbol groups or three symbol groups.

In a first configuration, the first number of symbol groups may includetwo symbol groups. In the first configuration, UE 1304 may transmit afirst symbol group 1305 in a first tone in the first uplink occasion anda second symbol group 1305 in a second tone in the first uplinkoccasion.

In a first aspect of the first configuration, a distance between thefirst tone and the second tone may be one tone (e.g., one OFDM symbol).For example, the first symbol group may be transmitted in tone X and thesecond symbol group may be transmitted in tone X+1.

In a second aspect of the first configuration, a distance between thefirst tone and the second tone may be six tones (e.g., six OFDMsymbols). For example, the first symbol group may be transmitted in toneX and the second symbol group may be transmitted in tone X+6.

In a second configuration, the first number of symbol groups may includethree symbol groups. In the second configuration, UE 1304 may transmit afirst symbol group 1307 of the three symbol groups in a first tone ofthe first uplink occasion, a second symbol group 1307 of the threesymbol groups in a second tone of the first uplink occasion, and a thirdsymbol group 1307 of the three symbol groups in a third tone of thefirst uplink occasion.

In a first aspect of the second configuration, a first distance betweenthe first tone and the second tone may be one tone and a second distancebetween the second tone and the third tone may be one tone. For example,the first symbol group may be transmitted in tone X, the second symbolgroup may be transmitted in tone X+1 or X−1, and the third symbol groupmay be transmitted in tone X The use of X+1 or X−1 for second symbolgroup may be based on whether X is even or odd.

In a second aspect of the second configuration, a first distance betweenthe first tone and the second tone may be six tones and a seconddistance between the second tone and the third tone may be six tones.For example, the first symbol group may be transmitted in tone X, thesecond symbol group may be transmitted in tone X+6 or X−6, and the thirdsymbol group may be transmitted in tone X For the second symbol groupselection between X+6 or X−6 is done to ensure that the tone lies in thesame resource block.

In a third aspect of the second configuration, a first distance betweenthe first tone and the second tone may be one tone and a second distancebetween the first tone and the third tone may be six tones. Further, UE1304 may transmit a fourth symbol group 1309 in a fourth tone in asecond uplink occasion subsequent to the first uplink occasion. In oneaspect, a third distance between the third tone and the fourth tone maybe one tone.

For example, the first symbol group may be transmitted in tone X in thefirst uplink occasion, the second symbol group may be transmitted intone X+1 in the first uplink occasion, the third symbol group may betransmitted in symbol X+6 in the first uplink occasion, and the fourthsymbol group may be transmitted in tone X or X+7 in the second uplinkoccasion.

NPRACH—Frequency Hopping

Frequency hopping of a NPRACH preamble in a narrowband FDD framestructure may be used by a base station to perform course and finetiming estimation. For example, a first pair of symbol groups may bespaced one subcarrier apart in a first uplink occasion and used forcourse timing estimation. A second pair of symbol groups may be spacedbetween five to seven subcarriers apart in a second uplink occasion andused for fine timing estimation. If the same frequency hopping patternis used for a narrowband TDD frame structure, the base station may haveto rely on preambles that are separated in time across different uplinkoccasions, and hence not provide accurate fine and course timingestimation because the channel conditions may change between uplinkoccasions.

There is a need for an NPRACH frequency hopping pattern in a narrowbandTDD frame structure that supports course and fine timing estimation.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a flow diagram 1400 for an NPRACHfrequency hopping pattern sent from a UE 1404 to a base station 1402 inaccordance with certain aspects of the disclosure. Base station 1402 maycorrespond to, e.g., base station 102, 180, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902,1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 2950, eNB 310, apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′.UE 1404 may correspond to, e.g., UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704, 804, 904,1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1750, apparatus 2902/2902′. In addition, thebase station 1402 and the UE 1404 may be configured to communicate usingnarrowband communications (e.g., NB-IoT and/or eMTC). For example, theUE 1404 may be an NB-IoT device and/or an eMTC device.

In one aspect, UE 1404 may receive information 1401 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1404 may receiveinformation 1401 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

In another aspect, UE 1404 may determine 1403 a hopping patternassociated with two pairs of symbol groups of an NPRACH transmitted inone or more uplink occasions using the narrowband TDD frame structure.

In a first configuration, the hopping pattern associated with the twopairs of symbol groups may occur in a single uplink occasion. Forexample, one symbol group in a first pair of symbol groups may belocated in subcarrier Z in an uplink occasion and the other symbol groupin the first pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z+1 inthe uplink occasion. The first pair of symbol groups may be used by basestation 1402 for course timing estimation. In addition, one symbol groupin a second pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z in theuplink occasion and the other symbol group in the second pair of symbolgroups may be located in subcarrier Z+6 in the uplink occasion. Thesecond pair of symbol groups may be used by base station 1402 for finetiming estimation.

In a second configuration, the hopping pattern associated with one ofthe two pairs of symbol groups may occur in a first uplink occasion andthe hopping pattern associated with the other of the two pairs of symbolgroups may occur in a different uplink occasion. For example, one symbolgroup in a first pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z ina first uplink occasion and the other symbol group in the first pair ofsymbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z+1 in the first uplinkoccasion. The first pair of symbol groups may be used by base station1402 for course timing estimation. In addition, one symbol group in asecond pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z in a seconduplink occasion (e.g., the next uplink occasion after the first uplinkoccasion) and the other symbol group in the second pair of symbol groupsmay be located in subcarrier Z+6 in the second uplink occasion. Thesecond pair of symbol groups may be used by base station 1402 for finetiming estimation.

In a further aspect, UE 1404 may transmit the first pair of symbolgroups 1405 and the second pair of symbol groups 1405 in a same uplinkoccasion or in adjacent uplink occasions in the narrowband TDD framestructure. If the first pair of symbol groups 1405 and the second pairof symbol groups 1405 of symbol groups are transmitted in the sameuplink occasion, one of the symbol can be common across the two pairs ofsymbol group. In other words, the tone mapping for the symbol groups maybe selected such that at least one of the following two conditions issatisfied. Condition one, a UL occasion (e.g., that can accommodatethree or more symbol groups) may include that there are at least twosymbols groups that are spaced one subcarrier apart and there are atleast two symbol groups that are 6 subcarriers apart. Condition two, inevery alternate uplink occasions there are at least two symbol groupsthat are spaced 1 tone apart and every other alternate uplink occasionthere are at least two symbol groups that are spaced 6 tones apart.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a base station (e.g., the base station 102,180, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, eNB 310,2350, the apparatus 1702/1702′). In FIG. 15, operations with dashedlines indicate optional operations.

At 1502, the base station may determine a narrowband TDD frame structurefor narrowband communications. For example, referring to FIG. 5A, basestation 502 may determine 501 a narrowband TDD frame structure fornarrowband communications. For example, the base station 502 maydetermine 501 the narrowband TDD frame structure is one of configuration0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG. 4A.

At 1504, the base station may determine a physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH) format of a group of PUSCH formats for allocating at least oneRU to a UE for an NPUCCH. For example, referring to FIG. 5A, basestation 502 may determine 503 a PUSCH format of a group (e.g., NPUSCHformat 1, NPUSCH format 2, or modified PUSCH format 2) for allocating atleast one RU to UE 504 for a NPUCCH. For example, base station 502 maydetermine to use modified NPUSCH format 2 (e.g., see 450 in FIG. 4B) toallocate one or more RUs to UE 504 for a NPUCCH.

At 1506, the base station may allocate the at least one RU to the UEusing the determined PUSCH format. In one aspect, the RU may includemultiple subcarriers in each of one or more slots. In another aspect,each of the multiple subcarriers may have an associated subcarrierfrequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. For example,referring to FIG. 5A, base station 502 may allocate 505 the at least oneRU to the UE 504 using the determined PUSCH format. In one aspect, theRU may include multiple subcarriers in each of one or more slots. Inanother aspect, each of the multiple subcarriers may an associatedsubcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. Forexample, base station 502 may allocate two or more subcarriers in one ormore slots (e.g., four slots) to the UE 504 for a NPUCCH. If thesubcarrier spacing of the narrowband TDD frame structure is 3.75 kHz,base station 502 may allocate one or more RUs in either a single slot orin two slots.

At 1508, the base station may transmit information associated with atleast one of the RU or the PUSCH format. For example, referring to FIG.5A, base station 502 may transmit information 507 indicating the NPUSCHformat and the RUs allocated to the UE 504 for the NPUCCH.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart 1600 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a base station (e.g., the base station 102,180, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, eNB 310,2350, the apparatus 1702/1702′). In FIG. 16, operations with dashedlines indicate optional operations.

At 1602, the base station may determine a narrowband TDD frame structureincluding at least a predetermined number of contiguous uplinksubframes. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, base station 502 maydetermine 509 a narrowband TDD frame structure including at least apredetermined number of contiguous uplink subframes. In one aspect, thepredetermined number of subframes may include three contiguous uplinksubframes each 1 ms in length (e.g., 15 kHz subcarrier spacing). Inanother aspect, the predetermined number of contiguous uplink subframesmay include two contiguous uplink subframes or more than threecontiguous uplink subframes. For example, the base station 502 maydetermine 509 the narrowband TDD frame structure is one of configuration0 or 6 from table 410 in FIG. 4A when the predetermined number ofcontiguous uplink subframes is three contiguous uplink subframes.

At 1604, the base station may determine a first number of symbols ineach of a second number of slots to use in allocating at least one RU toa UE for a NPUSCH. In one aspect, the first number of symbols and thesecond number of slots may be based on the predetermined number ofcontiguous uplink subframes. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, basestation 502 may determine 511 a first number of symbols in each of asecond number of slots to use in allocating at least one RU to UE 504for an NPUSCH. In one aspect, the first number of symbols and the secondnumber of slots may be based on the predetermined number of contiguousuplink subframes. In another aspect, each slot in the second number ofslots may have an associated subcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz,7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. In a further aspect, each slot in the second numberof slots may have an associated subcarrier frequency spacing differentthan 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz and is a function of the configurationused for the narrowband TDD subframe structure. Legacy RU allocationunits may be units of 2 slots (e.g., one uplink subframe), 4 slots (twouplink subframes), 8 slots (e.g., four uplink subframes), and/or 16slots (e.g., eight uplink subframes). Each slot may have 7 OFDM symbols.In a first configuration, when configurations 0 or 3 are used as thenarrowband TDD frame structure, 3 contiguous uplink subframes with a 3ms duration are located in each radio frame. In other words, 6 uplinkslots may be available in each radio frame for uplink transmission(s).Thus, RU allocation may include 6 slots (e.g., each with 7 OFDMsymbols), which may use the available uplink resources in each radioframe more efficiently than by using legacy RU allocation units. In asecond configuration, when configuration 6 is used as the narrowband TDDframe structure, 3 contiguous subframes (e.g., 6 slots) are located inthe first half frame of a radio frame and 2 contiguous uplink subframes(e.g., 4 slots) are located in the second half frame of the radio frame.In other words, 10 uplink slots may be available in each radio frame foruplink transmission(s). Thus, RU allocation may include 10 slots (e.g.,each with 7 OFDM symbols), which may use the available uplink resourcesin each radio frame more efficiently than by using legacy RU allocationunits. In a third configuration, when uplink subframes with a 3.75 kHzsubcarrier spacing are used for RU allocation, RU allocation units mayinclude more or fewer than 16 slots (e.g., each with 7 OFDM symbols). AnRU allocation of more or fewer than 16 slots may use the availableuplink resources in each radio frame more efficiently than by usinglegacy RU allocation units.

At 1606, the base station may allocate the at least one RU to the UE.For example, referring to FIG. 5B, base station 502 may allocate 513 theat least one RU to the UE 504. In one aspect, the RU may include asingle subcarrier or multiple subcarriers in each of one or more slots.In another aspect, each of the multiple subcarriers may an associatedsubcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. Forexample, base station 502 may allocate two or more subcarriers in sixslots to the UE 504 for a NPUSCH.

At 1608, the base station may transmit information associated with theat least one RU allocated to the UE. For example, referring FIG. 5B,base station 502 may transmit information 515 indicating the RUsallocated to the UE 504 for the NPUSCH.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1700 illustrating the dataflow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 1702.The apparatus may be a base station (e.g., the base station 102, 180,502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, eNB 310, theapparatus 1702′, 3102/3102′) in communication with a UE 1750. Theapparatus may include a reception component 1704, frame structurecomponent 1706, RU allocation component 1708, transmission component1710, and/or a PUSCH format component 1712.

In certain configurations, the frame structure component 1706 may beconfigured to determine a narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowbandcommunications. The frame structure component 1706 may be configured tosend a signal associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure to thetransmission component 1710.

In certain configurations, the PUSCH format component 1712 may beconfigured to determine a PUSCH format of a group of PUSCH formats forallocating at least one RU to the UE 1750 for an NPUCCH. The PUSCHcomponent 1712 may be configured to send a signal associated with thePUSCH format to the transmission component 1710 and/or the RU allocationcomponent 1708.

In certain configurations, the RU allocation component 1708 may beconfigured to allocate the at least one RU to the UE using thedetermined PUSCH format. In one aspect, the RU may include multiplesubcarriers in each of one or more slots. In another aspect, each of themultiple subcarriers may have an associated subcarrier frequency spacingof 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. The RU allocation component 1708 may beconfigured to send a signal associated with the allocated RU that isbased on the determined PUSCH format to the transmission component 1710.

In certain configurations, the transmission component 1710 may beconfigured to transmit information associated with at least one of theRU or the PUSCH format to the UE 1750.

In certain configurations, the reception component 1704 may beconfigured to receive one or more of a NPUCCH and/or a NPUSCH from theUE 1750.

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 15. Assuch, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIG. 15 may beperformed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more ofthose components. The components may be one or more hardware componentsspecifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm,implemented by a processor configured to perform the statedprocesses/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium forimplementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 18 is a diagram 1800 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1702′ employing a processing system1814. The processing system 1814 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1824. The bus 1824 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1814 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1824 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware components, representedby the processor 1804, the components 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712 andthe computer-readable medium/memory 1806. The bus 1824 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1814 may be coupled to a transceiver 1810. Thetransceiver 1810 is coupled to one or more antennas 1820. Thetransceiver 1810 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1810 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1820, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1814, specifically the reception component 1704. Inaddition, the transceiver 1810 receives information from the processingsystem 1814, specifically the transmission component 1710, and based onthe received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1820. The processing system 1814 includes a processor 1804coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1806. The processor 1804 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1806. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 1804, causes the processing system 1814 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 1806 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 1804 when executingsoftware. The processing system 1814 further includes at least one ofthe components 1704, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1712. The components may besoftware components running in the processor 1804, resident/stored inthe computer readable medium/memory 1806, one or more hardwarecomponents coupled to the processor 1804, or some combination thereof.The processing system 1814 may be a component of the eNB 310 and mayinclude the memory 376 and/or at least one of the TX processor 316, theRX processor 370, and the controller/processor 375.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1702/1702′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for determining a narrowband TDD framestructure for narrowband communications. In another configuration, theapparatus 1702/1702′ for wireless communication may include means fordetermining a PUSCH format of a group of PUSCH formats for allocating atleast one RU to a UE for a narrowband physical uplink control channelNPUCCH. In a further configuration, the apparatus 1702/1702′ forwireless communication may include means for allocating the at least oneRU to the UE using the determined PUSCH format. In one aspect, the RUmay include multiple subcarriers in each of one or more slots. Inanother aspect, each of the multiple subcarriers may have an associatedsubcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. In afurther configuration, the apparatus 1702/1702′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for transmitting information associatedwith at least one of the RU or the PUSCH format to the UE. Theaforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned componentsof the apparatus 1702 and/or the processing system 1814 of the apparatus1702′ configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementionedmeans. As described supra, the processing system 1814 may include the TXProcessor 316, the RX Processor 370, and the controller/processor 375.As such, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TXProcessor 316, the RX Processor 370, and the controller/processor 375configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

FIGS. 19A and 19B are a flowchart 1900 of a method of wirelesscommunication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104,350, 504, 604, 704, 804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, theapparatus 2902/2902′). In FIG. 19, operations with dashed lines indicateoptional operations.

In FIG. 19A, at 1902, the UE may receive information associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure having a first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain aspects, when a subcarrier spacingassociated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a fullslot may include seven OFDM symbols and may be 0.5 ms in length. Incertain other aspects, when the subcarrier spacing associated with thenarrowband TDD frame structure is 7.5 kHz, a full slot may include sevenOFDM symbols and may be 1 ms in length. In certain other aspects, whenthe subcarrier spacing associated with the narrowband TDD framestructure is 3.75 kHz, a full slot may include seven OFDM symbols andmay be 2 ms in length. For example, referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 mayreceive information 601 associated with a narrowband TDD frame structurethat has a first set of contiguous uplink subframes with a first numberof slots. For example, the narrowband TDD frame structure may be one ofconfiguration 0, 1, 3, 4, or 6 from table 410 in FIG. 4A that eachinclude contiguous uplink subframes. In one aspect, the narrowband TDDframe structure may include a first set of contiguous uplink subframesand a second set of contiguous uplink subframes. For example, thenarrowband TDD frame structures that include a first and second set ofcontiguous uplink subframes may be configuration 0, 1, and/or 6 fromtable 410 in FIG. 4A. In another aspect, the narrowband TDD framestructure may include a single set of contiguous uplink subframes. Forexample, the narrowband TDD frame structures that include a single setof contiguous uplink subframes may be configuration 3 and/or 4 fromtable 410 in FIG. 4A. Such TDD configurations are defined for 10 msframe, 15 kHz subcarrier spacing where each subframe is 1 ms long. In asystem employing multiple subcarrier spacings, the TDD configuration canbe thought of as specifying a duration of uplink transmissions anddownlink transmissions.

In FIG. 19A, at 1904, the UE may rate match the first portion of theuplink transmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission durationbased on a total number of transmitted and unused symbols in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration. In certain aspects, any unusedsymbols in a slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted maybe punctured. For example, referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 may UE 604 mayrate match 603 a first portion of an uplink transmission in the firstuplink transmission duration based on a total number of symbols in thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration. In certainconfigurations, UE 604 may perform rate matching by assuming the entireslot is transmitted and then puncturing the symbols that do not actuallyget transmitted. In certain other configurations, the UE 604 may performrate matching by assuming the reduced number of symbols due to thepartial slot. In certain aspects, a new pilot pattern may be defined forthe new partial slot structure. Alternately, the pilot patterncorresponding to the full slot may be used with puncturing. That is, ifthe partial slot has N symbols, the pilot symbols outside the N symbolsare punctured

At FIG. 19A, at 1906, the UE may rate match the first portion of theuplink transmission in the first contiguous uplink duration based on atotal number of symbols in the first slot and the first subset ofsymbols in the second slot. In certain aspects, the first subset ofsymbols in the second slot may correspond to symbols available foruplink transmissions. For example, referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 may ratematch 603 the first portion of the uplink transmission 605 in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration based on a total number ofsymbols (e.g., 7 OFDM symbols) in the first slot and the first subset ofsymbols in the second slot. In one aspect, the first portion of theuplink transmission 605 may be transmitted using a pilot pattern basedon all the symbols (e.g., 7 OFDM symbols) in the first slot and thefirst subset of symbols (e.g., fewer than 7 OFDM symbols) in the secondslot. In either the first aspect or the second aspect of the secondconfiguration, UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 using all symbols in a first slot in the first numberof slots and a first subset of symbols in a second slot in the firstnumber of slots. In certain configurations, UE 604 may perform ratematching by assuming the entire slot is transmitted and then puncturingthe symbols that do not actually get transmitted. In certain otherconfigurations, the UE 604 may perform rate matching by assuming thereduced number of symbols due to the partial slot. In certain aspects, anew pilot pattern may be defined for the new partial slot structure.Alternately, the pilot pattern corresponding to the full slot may beused with puncturing. That is, if the partial slot has N symbols, thepilot symbols outside the N symbols are punctured

In FIG. 19A, at 1908, the UE may transmit a first portion of an uplinktransmission comprising a first number of slots in the first contiguousuplink transmission duration. In certain aspects, the uplinktransmission may have a duration longer than the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain other aspects, the first portion ofthe uplink transmission may be transmitted using as many full slots thatfit in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration. In certainother aspects, a number of OFDM symbols that make up a slot may be afunction of subcarrier spacing such that as the subcarrier spacingdecreases the number of OFDM symbols that make up a slot decreases. Incertain other configurations, the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration and a second contiguous uplink transmission duration may belocated in a same radio frame. In certain other configurations, thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration and a second contiguousuplink transmission duration may be located in different radio frames.For example, referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 may transmit a first portion ofthe uplink transmission 605 using a first number of slots in a firstcontiguous uplink duration (e.g., using all symbols in the first set ofcontiguous uplink subframes) and transmit a remaining portion of theuplink transmission 607 using at least a portion of one or more slots ina next set of contiguous uplink subframes.

In FIG. 19A, at 1910, the UE may transmit the first portion of theuplink transmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission durationby transmitting the first portion of the uplink transmission using allsymbols in a first slot in the first number of slots and a first subsetof symbols in a second slot in the first number of slots such that atotal duration of transmission is less than the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain configurations, a pilot pattern may beselected for a slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmittedbased on a number of transmitted symbols. In certain otherconfigurations, the pilot pattern corresponding to the slot for whichonly a subset of symbols are transmitted may be obtained by puncturingthe pilot pattern for a full slot on any unused symbols. For example,referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 using all full slots in the first set of contiguousuplink transmission duration. In other words, UE 604 may determine thenumber of slots that can be transmitted fully in the first contiguous ULtransmission duration and transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 using all available symbols in the determined number ofslots in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration, and thenmove to the next uplink transmission duration to transmit a secondportion (e.g., remaining portion) of the uplink transmission 607 usingfull slots that fit in the next contiguous uplink transmission duration.In a first example, assume that the information 601 received by UE 604indicates that configuration 1 is used for the narrowband TDD framestructure, and that the duration of the uplink transmission is eightslots (e.g., four subframes) with each slot being 0.5 ms long. The firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration in configuration 1 may be 2 mslong (e.g., subframes 2 and 3), and the second set of contiguous uplinktransmission duration in configuration 1 may be 2 ms long (e.g.,subframes 7 and 8). Hence, in accordance with the first configuration,UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplink transmission 605comprising 4 slots in first contiguous uplink transmission duration in aradio frame. UE 604 may transmit the second portion of the uplinktransmission 607 comprising the remaining 4 slots using the secondcontiguous uplink transmission duration in the first radio frame.However, if the duration of the uplink transmission is 6 slots, then theUE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplink transmission 605with the first four slots of the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration, and the remaining portion of the uplink transmission with thelast two slots of the second contiguous uplink transmission duration andpotentially not transmit anything in the remaining portion.

In FIG. 19B, at 1912, the UE may transmit a second portion of the uplinktransmission in a second contiguous uplink transmission durationstarting from the unused symbols of the slot for which only a subset ofsymbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 may transmit a secondportion of the uplink transmission 607 using a second contiguous uplinktransmission duration starting from the unused symbols of the slot(e.g., located in a second set of contiguous uplink subframes).

In FIG. 19B, at 1914, the UE may transmit a second portion of the uplinktransmission using all symbols in a third slot in a second number ofslots. In certain configurations, any unused symbols of the slot forwhich only a subset of symbols may be transmitted in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration are punctured. For example,referring to FIG. 6, UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 using all full slots in the first set of contiguousuplink transmission duration. In other words, UE 604 may determine thenumber of slots that can be transmitted fully in the first contiguous ULtransmission duration and transmit the first portion of the uplinktransmission 605 using all available symbols in the determined number ofslots in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration, and thenmove to the next uplink transmission duration to transmit a secondportion (e.g., remaining portion) of the uplink transmission 607 usingfull slots that fit in the next contiguous uplink transmission duration.In a first example, assume that the information 601 received by UE 604indicates that configuration 1 is used for the narrowband TDD framestructure, and that the duration of the uplink transmission is eightslots (e.g., four subframes) with each slot being 0.5 ms long. The firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration in configuration 1 may be 2 mslong (e.g., subframes 2 and 3), and the second set of contiguous uplinktransmission duration in configuration 1 may be 2 ms long (e.g.,subframes 7 and 8). Hence, in accordance with the first configuration,UE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplink transmission 605comprising 4 slots in first contiguous uplink transmission duration in aradio frame. UE 604 may transmit the second portion of the uplinktransmission 607 comprising the remaining 4 slots using the secondcontiguous uplink transmission duration in the first radio frame.However, if the duration of the uplink transmission is 6 slots, then theUE 604 may transmit the first portion of the uplink transmission 605with the first four slots of the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration, and the remaining portion of the uplink transmission with thelast two slots of the second contiguous uplink transmission duration andpotentially not transmit anything in the remaining portion.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart 2000 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 20, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2002, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure. For example, referring to FIG. 7, UE 704 may receiveinformation 701 associated with a narrowband TDD frame structure. Forexample, the narrowband TDD frame structure may be one of configuration0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG. 4A.

At 2004, the UE may transmit an uplink transmission a predeterminednumber of times using a first scrambling sequence. In one aspect, thefirst scrambling sequence may include a first number of LSBs associatedwith a first radio frame. In another aspect, the first number of LSBsmay be larger than a second number of LSBs used in a second scramblingsequence associated with a narrowband FDD uplink transmission. Forexample, referring to FIG. 7, UE 704 may transmit an uplink transmission703 a predetermined number of times using a first scrambling sequence.For example, each uplink transmission may be repeated M number of timeswith the same scrambling sequence. Repeating the uplink transmission Mnumber of times may aid in combining the uplink transmission by the basestation 702 before descrambling, but may come at cost of not randomizinginterference. In one aspect, the first scrambling sequence may include afirst number of LSBs associated with a first radio frame. In anotheraspect, the first number of LSBs may be larger than a second number ofLSBs used in a second scrambling sequence associated with a narrowbandFDD uplink transmission.

At 2006, the UE may transmit the uplink transmission using the firstscrambling sequence by transmitting the uplink transmission one timeusing the first scrambling sequence. For example, referring to FIG. 7,no identical repetitions may be sent (e.g., M=1) by UE 704. In otherwords, the uplink transmission 703 may be transmitted one time using aunique scrambling sequence.

At 2008, the UE may transmit the uplink transmission using the firstscrambling sequence by repeating the uplink transmission multiple timesusing the first scrambling sequence. In one aspect, a number of timesthe uplink transmission may be repeated using the first scramblingsequence is associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure or anumber of consecutive uplink subframes. For example, referring to FIG.7, the uplink transmission 703 may be sent M number of times with a samescrambling sequence and then the next M number of repetitions 705 may betransmitted with a different scrambling sequence. M may be a function ofthe number of contiguous or non-contiguous uplink subframes in a singleradio frame.

At 2010, the UE may repeat the uplink transmission. In one aspect, adifferent scrambling sequence may be used for each repetition of theuplink transmission. For example, referring to FIG. 7, each of therepetitions 705 of the uplink transmission may be sent with a differentscrambling sequence.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart 2100 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 21, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2102, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 8, UE 804 may receive information 801 associated with a narrowbandTDD frame structure. For example, the narrowband TDD frame structure maybe one of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 inFIG. 4A.

At 2104, the UE may determine to repeat an uplink transmission in afirst set of radio frames and a second set of radio frames. In oneaspect, the first set of radio frames and the second set of radio framesmay include a same number of radio frames. In another aspect, the radioframes may be associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure. In afurther aspect, the uplink transmission includes a NPRACH preamble. Forexample, referring to FIG. 8, UE 804 may determine 803 to repeat anuplink transmission in a first set of radio frames and a second set ofradio frames. In certain configurations, the first set of radio framesand the second set of radio frames may each include 256 radio frames. Incertain other configurations, the first set of radio frames and thesecond set of radio frames may include more or fewer than 256 radioframes. The first set of radio frames and the second radio frames mayinclude the same number of radio frames or a different number of radioframes. The uplink transmissions may include, for example, a NPRACHpreamble.

At 2106, the UE may determine not to monitor downlink subframes in thefirst set of radio frames and the second set of radio frames. Forexample, referring to FIG. 8, UE 804 may determine 805 not to monitordownlink subframes in the first set of radio frames and the second setof radio frames. In one aspect, the UE 804 may receive signaling (e.g.,not illustrated in FIG. 8) from base station 802 indicating not tomonitor at least a portion of the downlink subframes in one or more ofthe first set of radio frames and/or the second set of radio frames.

At 2108, the UE may perform one or more of a timing estimation or afrequency estimation using at least one downlink subframe in one or moreof the first set of radio frames or the second set of radio frames. Inone aspect, no time gap may be present between the first set of radioframes and the second set of radio frames and the one or more of thetiming estimation or the frequency estimation is performed without usinggap information. For example, referring to FIG. 8, UE 804 may perform807 one or more of a timing estimation or a frequency estimation usingat least one downlink subframe in one or more of the first set of radioframes or the second set of radio frames. By not monitoring at least aportion of the downlink subframes in the first radio frame and/or thesecond radio frame, UE 804 may use the duration of the downlinksubframes to perform timing estimation and/or frequency estimation.Timing estimation and/or frequency estimation may be used to synchronize(e.g., subframe synchronization) with base station 802. Because thetiming estimation and/or frequency estimation is performed duringdownlink subframe durations, no time gap may be present between thefirst set of radio frames and the second set of radio frames. In otherwords, the timing estimation and/or the frequency estimation may beperformed without using a gap between a first set of radio frames and asecond set of radio frames.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart 2200 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 22, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2202, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 9A, UE 904 may receive information 901 associated with a narrowbandTDD frame structure. For example, the narrowband TDD frame structure maybe one of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 inFIG. 4A.

At 2204, the UE may transmit a NB-SRS to a base station using thenarrowband TDD frame structure. In one aspect, the NB-SRS may include asingle tone SRS. In another aspect, the NB-SRS may be transmitted as aseries of uplink transmissions that use frequency hopping to cover asystem bandwidth associated with the narrowband communications. In afurther aspect, the NB-SRS may be transmitted in an uplink portion of aspecial subframe. In still another aspect, the NB-SRS may be multiplexedwith a legacy SRS in the uplink portion of the special subframe. Forexample, referring to FIG. 9A, UE 904 may transmit an NB-SRS 903 to basestation 902 using the narrowband TDD frame structure. In one aspect, theNB-SRS 903 comprises a single tone SRS. In another aspect, the NB-SRS903 may be transmitted as a series of uplink transmissions that usefrequency hopping to cover a system bandwidth associated with thenarrowband communications. In yet another aspect, the NB-SRS 903 may betransmitted in an uplink portion of a special subframe. Still further,the NB-SRS 903 may be multiplexed with a legacy SRS in the uplinkportion of the special subframe, as discussed supra with respect to FIG.9B.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart 2300 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 23, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2302, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. In one aspect, thenarrowband TDD frame structure may include a set of contiguous uplinksubframes. For example, referring to FIG. 10A, UE 1004 may receiveinformation 1001 associated with a narrowband TDD frame structure. Forexample, the UE 1004 may receive information 1001 indicating that thenarrowband TDD frame structure is one of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG. 4A. In one aspect, the information1001 may indicate a narrowband TDD frame structure that includes a setof contiguous uplink subframes. When the information 1001 indicates thatthe narrowband TDD frame structure includes a set of contiguous uplinksubframes, the narrowband TDD frame structure may be one ofconfiguration 0, 1, 3, 4, or 6 from table 410 in FIG. 4A. Each ofconfigurations 0, 1, 3, 4, or 6 include at least two or more contiguousuplink subframes.

At 2304, the UE may determine an orthogonal sequence length associatedwith a RS based on at least one of a number of uplink subframes or anumber of slots in the set of contiguous uplink subframes. For example,referring to FIG. 10A, UE 1004 may determine 1003 an orthogonal sequencelength associated with an NRS based on at least one of a number ofuplink subframes or a number of slots in the set of contiguous uplinksubframes. For example, assume that the information 1001 received by UE1004 indicates that configuration 1 is used as the narrowband TDD framestructure. As seen in FIG. 4A, configuration 1 has a set of 2 contiguousuplink subframes (e.g., subframes 2 and 3). The set of 2 contiguousuplink subframes has 4 slots. Hence, UE 1004 may determine 1003 that theorthogonal sequence length associated with the NRS is length 4.Alternatively, when the narrowband TDD frame structure has a singleuplink subframe (e.g., configuration 5), the orthogonal sequence lengthof the NRS may be length 2 as based on the number of slots in the singleuplink subframe (e.g., 2 slots).

At 2306, the UE may transmit the RS using the determined orthogonalsequence length. For example, referring to FIG. 10A, UE 1004 maytransmit the NRS 1005 using the determined orthogonal sequence length.For example, the NRS 1005 may be transmitted using a NPUCCH format 1pilot structure. In one aspect, the NRS 1005 may be transmitted using amodified NPUCCH format 1 pilot structure that includes an increasedpilot density per slot than the pilot density used in legacy NPUCCHformat 1. For example, the modified NPUCCH format 1 may include twopilots per slot rather than one pilot per slot as in legacy NPUCCHformat 1.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart 2400 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 24, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2402, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 10B, UE 1004 may receive information 1001 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1004 may receiveinformation 1001 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

At 2404, the UE may determine a sequence hopping pattern associated witha RS based on at least one of a number of uplink subframes, a number ofslots in the set of contiguous uplink subframes, or a radio framenumber. For example, referring to FIG. 10B, UE 1004 may determine 1007 asequence-hopping pattern associated with a NRS based on at least one ofa number of uplink subframes, a number of slots in the set of contiguousuplink subframes, or a radio frame number. For example, thesequence-hopping pattern may be a function of one or more LSBsassociated with a radio frame number. By using a sequence-hoppingpattern that is based on at least one of a number of uplink subframes, anumber of slots in a set of contiguous uplink subframes, or a radioframe number, diversity may be increased as compared to using asequence-hopping pattern that is only a function of the slot number.

At 2406, the UE may transmit the RS using the determined sequencehopping pattern. For example, referring to FIG. 10B, UE 1004 maytransmit the NRS 1009 using the determined sequence-hopping pattern.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart 2500 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 25, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2502, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 11, UE 1104 may receive information 1101 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1104 may receiveinformation 1101 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

At 2504, the UE may transmit a first symbol group of a first NPRACHpreamble to a base station. In one aspect, a first length of the firstsymbol group may be associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure.In one aspect, the first length of the first symbol group may be shorterthan a second length of a second symbol group of a second NPRACHpreamble transmitted using a narrowband FDD frame structure. In anotheraspect, the first length of the first symbol group is longer than asecond length of a second symbol group of a second NPRACH preambletransmitted using a narrowband FDD frame structure. In a further aspect,a first preamble format associated with the first NPRACH preamble may bedifferent than a second preamble format associated with a second NPRACHpreamble transmitted using a narrowband FDD frame structure. In stillanother aspect, the first length of the first symbol group may beassociated with one or more uplink durations of the narrowband TDD framestructure.

For example, referring to FIG. 11, UE 1104 may transmit a first symbolgroup 1103 of a first NPRACH preamble to base station 1102. In oneaspect, a first length of the first symbol group may be associated withthe narrowband TDD frame structure. In a first configuration, the firstlength of the first symbol group may be shorter than a second length ofa second symbol group of a second NPRACH preamble transmitted using anarrowband FDD frame structure. In one aspect, the first length may bereduced so repetitions of uplink transmission fit in a narrowband TDDframe structure. For example, if the first length is reduced from 1.4ms/1.6 ms (e.g., the lengths used for narrowband FDD frame structures)to 1 ms, UE 1104 may be able to accommodate 2 symbol groups in a 2 msuplink occasion (e.g., a single uplink subframe or a set of contiguousuplink subframes) and 3 symbol groups in a 3 ms uplink occasion. Aspecial subframe may be located before certain uplink occasions, and thetiming uncertainty associated with the NPRACH may be accommodated by thespecial subframe located before the uplink occasion. Reducing the lengthof the NPRACH preamble may also enable 1 symbol group to fit within 1uplink subframe which may be useful when configuration 2 is used for thenarrowband TDD frame structure. In a second configuration, the firstlength of the first symbol group may be longer than a second length of asecond symbol group of a second NPRACH preamble transmitted using anarrowband FDD frame structure. In one aspect, the first length may bemay be increased so repetitions of uplink transmission fit in anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1104 may increasethe symbol group size to 2 ms and accommodate 1 uplink symbol group in a2 ms uplink occasion. Transmitting the same size symbol group in a 2 msuplink occasion using the symbol group size associated with narrowbandFDD frame structures may lead to wastage of 0.6 ms/0.4 ms of the 2 msuplink occasion since the symbol group length in narrowband FDD framestructures is 1.4 ms/1.6 ms. In a third configuration, a first preambleformat associated with the first NPRACH preamble may be different than asecond preamble format associated with a second NPRACH preambletransmitted using a narrowband FDD frame structure. In a fourthconfiguration, the first length of the first symbol group may beassociated with one or more uplink occasions in the narrowband TDD framestructure. For example, the first length of the first symbol group maybe a function of the configuration used for the narrowband TDD framestructure.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart 2600 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 26, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2602, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 12, UE 1204 may receive information 1201 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1204 may receiveinformation 1201 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

At 2604, the UE may determine a maximum number of symbol groups in aplurality of symbol groups associated with a NPRACH preamble that fit inan uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure. In one aspect,the plurality of symbol groups may include four symbol groups. Inanother aspect, the plurality of symbol groups may be associated withthe narrowband TDD frame structure. In a further aspect, a distancebetween tones used to transmit each symbol group in the plurality ofsymbol groups may be associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure.For example, referring to FIG. 12, UE 1204 may determine a maximumnumber of symbol groups in a plurality of symbol groups associated withan NPRACH preamble that fit in an uplink occasion in the narrowband TDDframe structure. In a first configuration, the NPRACH preamble for anarrowband TDD frame structure may include a fixed number of repetitionsfor the symbol group, and UE 1204 may fit the symbol group repetitionsacross different uplink occasions serially, fitting as many repetitionsas can fit in each uplink occasion. In a second configuration, thenumber of repetitions for the symbol group and the sequence-hoppingpattern of the NPRACH preamble may be the same as the number ofrepetitions and the sequence-hopping pattern used for a narrowband FDDframe structure. In a third configuration, the number of repetitions ofthe symbol group may be a function of the configuration used for thenarrowband TDD frame structure.

At 2606, the UE may transmit a first subset of the plurality of symbolgroups associated with the NPRACH preamble in a first uplink occasion inthe narrowband TDD frame structure and a second subset of the pluralityof symbol groups associated with the NPRACH preamble in a second uplinkoccasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure. In one aspect, the firstsubset may include the maximum number of symbol groups. In anotheraspect, the second subset may include any remaining symbol groups in theplurality of symbol groups or the maximum number of symbol groups. Forexample, referring to FIG. 12, UE 1204 may transmit a first subset ofthe plurality of symbol groups 1205 associated with the NPRACH preamblein a first uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure and asecond subset of the plurality of symbol groups 1205 associated with theNPRACH preamble in a second uplink occasion in the narrowband TDD framestructure. In a first aspect, the first subset may include the maximumnumber of symbol groups. In a second aspect, the second subset mayinclude any remaining symbol groups in the plurality of symbol groups orthe maximum number of symbol groups. In one aspect, a distance betweentones used to transmit each symbol group in the plurality of symbolgroups may be associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart 2700 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 27, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2702, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 13, UE 1304 may receive information 1301 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1304 may receiveinformation 1301 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

At 2704, the UE may determine a first number of symbol groups of aNPRACH preamble to transmit in a first uplink occasion in the narrowbandTDD frame structure. In one aspect, the first number of symbol groupsmay include either two symbol groups or three symbol groups. Forexample, referring to FIG. 13, UE 1304 may determine 1303 a first numberof symbol groups of a NPRACH preamble to transmit in a first uplinkoccasion in the narrowband TDD frame structure.

When the first number of symbol groups includes two symbol groups, at2706, the UE may transmit a first symbol group of the two symbol groupsin a first tone in the first uplink occasion and a second symbol groupof the two symbol groups in a second tone in the first uplink occasion.In one aspect, a distance between the first tone and the second tone maybe either one tone or six tones. For example, referring to FIG. 13, thefirst number of symbol groups may include two symbol groups in a firstconfiguration. In the first configuration, UE 1304 may transmit a firstsymbol group 1305 in a first tone in the first uplink occasion and asecond symbol group 1305 in a second tone in the first uplink occasion.In a first aspect of the first configuration, a distance between thefirst tone and the second tone may be one tone (e.g., one OFDM symbol).For example, the first symbol group may be transmitted in tone X and thesecond symbol group may be transmitted in tone X+1. In a second aspectof the first configuration, a distance between the first tone and thesecond tone may be six tones (e.g., six OFDM symbols). For example, thefirst symbol group may be transmitted in tone X and the second symbolgroup may be transmitted in tone X+6.

When the first number of symbol groups includes three symbol groups, at2708, the UE may transmit a first symbol group of the three symbolgroups in a first tone of the first uplink occasion, a second symbolgroup of the three symbol groups in a second tone of the first uplinkoccasion, and a third symbol group of the three symbol groups in a thirdtone of the first uplink occasion. In one aspect, a first distancebetween the first tone and the second tone may be one tone and a seconddistance between the first tone and the third tone being six tones. Forexample, referring to FIG. 13, UE 1304 may transmit a first symbol group1307 of the three symbol groups in a first tone of the first uplinkoccasion, a second symbol group 1307 of the three symbol groups in asecond tone of the first uplink occasion, and a third symbol group 1307of the three symbol groups in a third tone of the first uplink occasion.In one aspect, the first symbol group may be transmitted in tone X inthe first uplink occasion, the second symbol group may be transmitted intone X+1 in the first uplink occasion, and the third symbol group may betransmitted in symbol X+6 in the first uplink occasion.

At 2710, the UE may transmit a fourth symbol group in a fourth tone in asecond uplink occasion subsequent to the first uplink occasion. In oneaspect, a third distance between the third tone and the fourth tone maybe one tone. For example, referring to FIG. 13, UE 1304 may transmit afourth symbol group 1309 in a fourth tone in a second uplink occasionsubsequent to the first uplink occasion. In one aspect, a third distancebetween the third tone and the fourth tone may be one tone. The firstsymbol group may be transmitted in tone X in the first uplink occasion,the second symbol group may be transmitted in tone X+1 in the firstuplink occasion, the third symbol group may be transmitted in symbol X+6in the first uplink occasion, and the fourth symbol group may betransmitted in tone X or X+7 in the second uplink occasion

FIG. 28 is a flowchart 2800 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704,804, 904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902/2902′). InFIG. 28, operations with dashed lines indicate optional operations.

At 2802, the UE may receive information associated with a narrowband TDDframe structure for narrowband communications. For example, referring toFIG. 14, UE 1404 may receive information 1401 associated with anarrowband TDD frame structure. For example, the UE 1404 may receiveinformation 1401 indicating that the narrowband TDD frame structure isone of configuration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, l, or o from table 410 in FIG.4A.

At 2804, the UE may determine a hopping pattern associated with twopairs of symbol groups of a NPRACH transmitted in one or more uplinkoccasions using the narrowband TDD frame structure. For example,referring to FIG. 14, UE 1404 may determine 1403 a hopping patternassociated with two pairs of symbol groups of an NPRACH transmitted inone or more uplink occasions using the narrowband TDD frame structure.In a first configuration, the hopping pattern associated with the twopairs of symbol groups may occur in a single uplink occasion. Forexample, one symbol group in a first pair of symbol groups may belocated in subcarrier Z in an uplink occasion and the other symbol groupin the first pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z+1 inthe uplink occasion. The first pair of symbol groups may be used by basestation 1402 for course timing estimation. In addition, one symbol groupin a second pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrier Z in theuplink occasion and the other symbol group in the second pair of symbolgroups may be located in subcarrier Z+6 in the uplink occasion. Thesecond pair of symbol groups may be used by base station 1402 for finetiming estimation. In a second configuration, the hopping patternassociated with one of the two pairs of symbol groups may occur in afirst uplink occasion and the hopping pattern associated with the otherof the two pairs of symbol groups may occur in a different uplinkoccasion. For example, one symbol group in a first pair of symbol groupsmay be located in subcarrier Z in a first uplink occasion and the othersymbol group in the first pair of symbol groups may be located insubcarrier Z+1 in the first uplink occasion. The first pair of symbolgroups may be used by base station 1402 for course timing estimation. Inaddition, one symbol group in a second pair of symbol groups may belocated in subcarrier Z in a second uplink occasion (e.g., the nextuplink occasion after the first uplink occasion) and the other symbolgroup in the second pair of symbol groups may be located in subcarrierZ+6 in the second uplink occasion. The second pair of symbol groups maybe used by base station 1402 for fine timing estimation.

At 2806, the UE may transmit a first pair of symbol groups and a secondpair of symbol groups in a same uplink occasion or in adjacent uplinkoccasions in the narrowband TDD frame structure. In one aspect, a firstsubcarrier spacing associated with the first pair of symbol groups maybe a single subcarrier. In another aspect, a second subcarrier spacingassociated with the second pair of symbol groups may be six subcarriers.For example, referring to FIG. 14, UE 1404 may transmit the first pairof symbol groups 1405 and the second pair of symbol groups 1405 in asame uplink occasion or in adjacent uplink occasions in the narrowbandTDD frame structure.

FIG. 29 is a conceptual data flow diagram 2900 illustrating the dataflow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 2902.The apparatus may be a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 350, 504, 604, 704, 804,904, 1004, 1104, 1204, 1304, 1404, the apparatus 2902′) in narrowbandcommunication (e.g., NB-IoT communication or eMTC) with base station2950 (e.g., the base station 102, 180, 502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002,1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, eNB 310, the apparatus 1702/1702′, 3102/3102′).The apparatus may include a reception component 2904, a UL transmissioncomponent 2906, a frame structure component 2908, a rate matchingcomponent 2910, and a transmission component 2912.

In certain configurations, the reception component 2904 may beconfigured to receive information associated with a narrowband TDD framestructure having a first contiguous uplink transmission duration. Incertain aspects, when a subcarrier spacing associated with thenarrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a full slot may include sevenOFDM symbols and may be 0.5 ms in length. In certain other aspects, whenthe subcarrier spacing associated with the narrowband TDD framestructure is 7.5 kHz, a full slot may include seven OFDM symbols and maybe 1 ms in length. In certain other aspects, when the subcarrier spacingassociated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 3.75 kHz, a fullslot may include seven OFDM symbols and may be 2 ms in length. Thereception component 2904 may be configured to send a signal associatedwith the information associated with a narrowband TDD frame structurehaving a first set of contiguous uplink subframes to the frame structurecomponent 2908.

In certain configurations, the frame structure component 2908 may beconfigured to determine a narrowband TDD frame structure having a firstset of contiguous uplink subframes to use for an UL transmission. Theframe structure component 2908 may be configured to send a signalassociated with the determined narrowband TDD frame structure having afirst set of contiguous uplink subframes to use for an UL transmissionto the rate matching component 2910.

In certain configurations, the UL transmission component 2906 may beconfigured to generate a UL transmission intended for base station 2950.The UL transmission component 2906 may be configured to send a signalassociated with the UL transmission to the rate matching component 2910.

In certain configurations, the rate matching component 2910 may beconfigured to rate match the first portion of the uplink transmission inthe first contiguous uplink transmission duration based on a totalnumber of transmitted and unused symbols in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain aspects, any unused symbols in a slotfor which only a subset of symbols are transmitted may be punctured.

In certain other configurations, the rate matching component 2910 may beconfigured to rate match the first portion of the uplink transmission inthe first contiguous uplink duration based on a total number of symbolsin the first slot and the first subset of symbols in the second slot. Incertain aspects, the first subset of symbols in the second slot maycorrespond to symbols available for uplink transmissions.

The rate matching component 2910 may be configured to send a signalassociated with the rate matched UL transmission to the transmissioncomponent 2912.

In certain configurations, the transmission component 2912 may beconfigured to transmit a first portion of an uplink transmissioncomprising a first number of slots in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain aspects, the uplink transmission mayhave a duration longer than the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration. In certain other aspects, the first portion of the uplinktransmission may be transmitted using as many full slots that fit in thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration. In certain other aspects,a number of OFDM symbols that make up a slot may be a function ofsubcarrier spacing such that as the subcarrier spacing decreases thenumber of OFDM symbols that make up a slot decreases. In certain otherconfigurations, the first contiguous uplink transmission duration and asecond contiguous uplink transmission duration may be located in a sameradio frame. In certain other configurations, the first contiguousuplink transmission duration and a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration may be located in different radio frames.

In certain configurations, the transmission component 2912 may beconfigured to transmit the first portion of the uplink transmission inthe first contiguous uplink transmission duration by transmitting thefirst portion of the uplink transmission using all symbols in a firstslot in the first number of slots and a first subset of symbols in asecond slot in the first number of slots such that a total duration oftransmission is less than the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration. In certain configurations, a pilot pattern may be selected fora slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted based on anumber of transmitted symbols. In certain other configurations, thepilot pattern corresponding to the slot for which only a subset ofsymbols are transmitted may be obtained by puncturing the pilot patternfor a full slot on any unused symbols.

In certain other configurations, the transmission component 2912 may beconfigured to transmit a second portion of the uplink transmission in asecond contiguous uplink transmission duration starting from the unusedsymbols of the slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmittedin the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.

In certain other configurations, the transmission component 2912 may beconfigured to transmit a second portion of the uplink transmission usingall symbols in a third slot in a second number of slots. In certainconfigurations, any unused symbols of the slot for which only a subsetof symbols may be transmitted in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration are punctured.

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 19Aand 19B. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS.19A and 19B may be performed by a component and the apparatus mayinclude one or more of those components. The components may be one ormore hardware components specifically configured to carry out the statedprocesses/algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to performthe stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable mediumfor implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 30 is a diagram 3000 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 2902′ employing a processing system3014. The processing system 3014 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 3024. The bus 3024 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 3014 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 3024 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware components, representedby the processor 3004, the components 2904, 2906, 2908, 2910, 2912 andthe computer-readable medium/memory 3006. The bus 3024 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 3014 may be coupled to a transceiver 3010. Thetransceiver 3010 is coupled to one or more antennas 3020. Thetransceiver 3010 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 3010 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 3020, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 3014, specifically the reception component 2904. Inaddition, the transceiver 3010 receives information from the processingsystem 3014, specifically the transmission component 2912, and based onthe received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 3020. The processing system 3014 includes a processor 3004coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 3006. The processor 3004 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 3006. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 3004, causes the processing system 3014 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 3006 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 3004 when executingsoftware. The processing system 3014 further includes at least one ofthe components 2904, 2906, 2908, 2910, 2912. The components may besoftware components running in the processor 3004, resident/stored inthe computer readable medium/memory 3006, one or more hardwarecomponents coupled to the processor 3004, or some combination thereof.The processing system 3014 may be a component of the UE 350 and mayinclude the memory 360 and/or at least one of the TX processor 368, theRX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359.

In certain configurations, the apparatus 2902/2902′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for receiving information associatedwith a narrowband TDD frame structure having a first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain aspects, when a subcarrier spacingassociated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a fullslot may include seven OFDM symbols and may be 0.5 ms in length. Incertain other aspects, when the subcarrier spacing associated with thenarrowband TDD frame structure is 7.5 kHz, a full slot may include sevenOFDM symbols and may be 1 ms in length. In certain other aspects, whenthe subcarrier spacing associated with the narrowband TDD framestructure is 3.75 kHz, a full slot may include seven OFDM symbols andmay be 2 ms in length. In certain other configurations, the apparatus2902/2902′ for wireless communication may include means for ratematching the first portion of the uplink transmission in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration based on a total number oftransmitted and unused symbols in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration. In certain aspects, any unused symbols in a slotfor which only a subset of symbols are transmitted may be punctured. Incertain other configurations, the apparatus 2902/2902′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for rate matching the first portion ofthe uplink transmission in the first contiguous uplink duration based ona total number of symbols in the first slot and the first subset ofsymbols in the second slot. In certain aspects, the first subset ofsymbols in the second slot may correspond to symbols available foruplink transmissions. In certain other configurations, the apparatus2902/2902′ for wireless communication may include means for transmittinga first portion of an uplink transmission comprising a first number ofslots in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration. In certainaspects, the uplink transmission may have a duration longer than thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration. In certain other aspects,the first portion of the uplink transmission may be transmitted using asmany full slots that fit in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration. In certain other aspects, a number of OFDM symbols that makeup a slot may be a function of subcarrier spacing such that as thesubcarrier spacing decreases the number of OFDM symbols that make up aslot decreases. In certain other configurations, the first contiguousuplink transmission duration and a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration may be located in a same radio frame. In certain otherconfigurations, the first contiguous uplink transmission duration and asecond contiguous uplink transmission duration may be located indifferent radio frames. In certain aspects, the means for transmittingthe first portion of an uplink transmission comprising the first numberof slots in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration may beconfigured to transmit the first portion of the uplink transmissionusing all symbols in a first slot in the first number of slots and afirst subset of symbols in a second slot in the first number of slotssuch that a total duration of transmission is less than the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration. In certain configurations, apilot pattern may be selected for a slot for which only a subset ofsymbols are transmitted based on a number of transmitted symbols. Incertain other configurations, the pilot pattern corresponding to theslot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted may be obtainedby puncturing the pilot pattern for a full slot on any unused symbols.In certain other configurations, the apparatus 2902/2902′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for transmit a second portion of theuplink transmission in a second contiguous uplink transmission durationstarting from the unused symbols of the slot for which only a subset ofsymbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration. In certain other configurations, the apparatus 2902/2902′ forwireless communication may include means for transmit a second portionof the uplink transmission using all symbols in a third slot in a secondnumber of slots. In certain configurations, any unused symbols of theslot for which only a subset of symbols may be transmitted in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration are punctured. Theaforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned componentsof the apparatus 2902 and/or the processing system 3014 of the apparatus2902′ configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementionedmeans. As described supra, the processing system 3014 may include the TXProcessor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the controller/processor 359.As such, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TXProcessor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the controller/processor 359configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

FIG. 31 is a conceptual data flow diagram 3100 illustrating the dataflow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 3102.The apparatus may be a base station (e.g., the base station 102, 180,502, 602, 702, 802, 902, 1002, 1102, 1202, 1302, 1402, eNB 310, theapparatus 1702/1702′, 3102′) in communication with a UE 3150. Theapparatus may include a reception component 3104, frame structurecomponent 3106, RU allocation component 3108, transmission component3110, and/or a PUSCH format component 3112.

In certain configurations, the frame structure component 3106 may beconfigured to determine a narrowband TDD frame structure including atleast a predetermined number of contiguous uplink subframes. The framestructure component 3106 may be configured to send a signal associatedwith the narrowband TDD frame structure to the transmission component3110.

In certain configurations, the PUSCH format component 3112 may beconfigured to determine a first number of symbols in each of a secondnumber of slots to use in allocating at least one RU to a UE for aNPUSCH. In one aspect, the first number of symbols and the second numberof slots may be based on the predetermined number of contiguous uplinksubframes. The PUSCH format component 3112 may be configured to send asignal associated with the first number of symbols in the second numberof slots to one or more of the transmission component 3110 and/or the RUallocation component 3108.

In certain configurations, the RU allocation component 3108 may beconfigured to allocate the at least one RU to the UE 3150. In oneaspect, the RU may include a single subcarrier or multiple subcarriersin each of one or more slots. In another aspect, each of the multiplesubcarriers may an associated subcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz,7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz. The RU allocation component 3108 may be configuredto send a signal associated with the allocated RU to the transmissioncomponent 3110.

In certain configurations, the transmission component 3110 may beconfigured to transmit information associated with the at least one RUallocated to the UE 3150.

In certain configurations, the reception component 3104 may beconfigured to receive an NPUCCH and/or NPUSCH from the UE 3150.

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 16. Assuch, each block in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 16 may beperformed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more ofthose components. The components may be one or more hardware componentsspecifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm,implemented by a processor configured to perform the statedprocesses/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium forimplementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 32 is a diagram 3200 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 3102′ employing a processing system3214. The processing system 3214 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 3224. The bus 3224 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 3214 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 3224 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware components, representedby the processor 3204, the components 3104, 3106, 3108, 3110, 3112, andthe computer-readable medium/memory 3206. The bus 3224 may also linkvarious other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltageregulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in theart, and therefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 3214 may be coupled to a transceiver 3210. Thetransceiver 3210 is coupled to one or more antennas 3220. Thetransceiver 3210 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 3210 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 3220, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 3214, specifically the reception component 3104. Inaddition, the transceiver 3210 receives information from the processingsystem 3214, specifically the transmission component 3110, and based onthe received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 3220. The processing system 3214 includes a processor 3204coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 3206. The processor 3204 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 3206. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 3204, causes the processing system 3214 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 3206 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 3204 when executingsoftware. The processing system 3214 further includes at least one ofthe components 3104, 3106, 3108, 3110, 3112. The components may besoftware components running in the processor 3204, resident/stored inthe computer readable medium/memory 3206, one or more hardwarecomponents coupled to the processor 3204, or some combination thereof.The processing system 3214 may be a component of the base station 310and may include the memory 376 and/or at least one of the TX processor316, the RX processor 370, and the controller/processor 375.

In certain configurations, the apparatus 3102/3102′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for determining a narrowband TDD framestructure including at least a predetermined number of contiguous uplinksubframes. In certain other configurations, the apparatus 3102/3102′ forwireless communication may include means for determining a first numberof symbols in each of a second number of slots to use in allocating atleast one RU to a UE for a NPUSCH. In one aspect, the first number ofsymbols and the second number of slots may be based on the predeterminednumber of contiguous uplink subframes. In certain other configurations,the apparatus 3102/3102′ for wireless communication may include meansfor allocating the at least one RU to the UE. In one aspect, the RU mayinclude a single subcarrier or multiple subcarriers in each of one ormore slots. In another aspect, each of the multiple subcarriers may anassociated subcarrier frequency spacing of 3.75 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or 15 kHz.In certain configurations, the apparatus 3102/3102′ for wirelesscommunication may include means for transmitting information associatedwith the at least one RU allocated to the UE. The aforementioned meansmay be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus3102 and/or the processing system 3214 of the apparatus 3102′ configuredto perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. Asdescribed supra, the processing system 3214 may include the TX Processor316, the RX Processor 370, and the controller/processor 375. As such, inone configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 316,the RX Processor 370, and the controller/processor 375 configured toperform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in theprocesses/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplaryapproaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that thespecific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts may berearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in asample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the various aspects described herein. Variousmodifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theaspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistentwith the language claims, wherein reference to an element in thesingular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specificallyso stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used hereinto mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspectdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically statedotherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least oneof A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or anycombination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and mayinclude multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically,combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B,or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and“A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, Aand B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinationsmay contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structuraland functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspectsdescribed throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to beknown to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporatedherein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” andthe like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claimelement is to be construed as a means plus function unless the elementis expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for wireless communication for a userequipment (UE), comprising: receiving information associated with anarrowband time-division duplex (TDD) frame structure having a firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration; and transmitting a firstportion of an uplink transmission comprising a first number of slots inthe first contiguous uplink transmission duration, wherein the uplinktransmission has a duration longer than the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstportion of the uplink transmission is transmitted using as many fullslots that fit in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein: when a subcarrier spacing associatedwith the narrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a full slot includesseven orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and is0.5 milliseconds (ms) in length; when the subcarrier spacing associatedwith the narrowband TDD frame structure is 7.5 kHz, a full slot includesseven OFDM symbols and is 1 ms in length; and when the subcarrierspacing associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 3.75 kHz,a full slot includes seven OFDM symbols and is 2 ms in length.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein a number of orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols that make up a slot is a function ofsubcarrier spacing such that as the subcarrier spacing decreases thenumber of OFDM symbols that make up a slot decreases.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the transmitting the first portion of the uplinktransmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission durationcomprises: transmitting the first portion of the uplink transmissionusing all symbols in a first slot in the first number of slots and afirst subset of symbols in a second slot in the first number of slotssuch that a total duration of transmission is less than the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration.
 6. The method of claim 5,further comprising: rate matching the first portion of the uplinktransmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration basedon a total number of transmitted and unused symbols in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration, wherein any unused symbols in aslot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted are punctured.7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: rate matching the firstportion of the uplink transmission in the first contiguous uplinkduration based on a total number of symbols in the first slot and thefirst subset of symbols in the second slot, wherein the first subset ofsymbols in the second slot corresponds to symbols available for uplinktransmissions.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein a pilot pattern isselected for a slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmittedbased on a number of transmitted symbols.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein the pilot pattern corresponding to the slot for which only asubset of symbols are transmitted is obtained by puncturing the pilotpattern for a full slot on any unused symbols.
 10. The method of claim6, further comprising: transmitting a second portion of the uplinktransmission in a second contiguous uplink transmission durationstarting from the unused symbols of the slot for which only a subset ofsymbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration.
 11. The method of claim 6, further comprising: transmitting asecond portion of the uplink transmission using all symbols in a thirdslot in a second number of slots, wherein any unused symbols of the slotfor which only a subset of symbols are transmitted in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration are punctured.
 12. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first contiguous uplink transmission duration and asecond contiguous uplink transmission duration are located in a sameradio frame.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first contiguousuplink transmission duration and a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration are located in different radio frames.
 14. An apparatus forwireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising: means forreceiving information associated with a narrowband time-division duplex(TDD) frame structure having a first contiguous uplink transmissionduration; and means for transmitting a first portion of an uplinktransmission comprising a first number of slots in the first contiguousuplink transmission duration, wherein the uplink transmission has aduration longer than the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first portion of the uplinktransmission is transmitted using as many full slots that fit in thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein: when a subcarrier spacing associated with thenarrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a full slot includes sevenorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and is 0.5milliseconds (ms) in length; when the subcarrier spacing associated withthe narrowband TDD frame structure is 7.5 kHz, a full slot includesseven OFDM symbols and is 1 ms in length; and when the subcarrierspacing associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 3.75 kHz,a full slot includes seven OFDM symbols and is 2 ms in length.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 14, wherein a number of orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols that make up a slot is a function ofsubcarrier spacing such that as the subcarrier spacing decreases thenumber of OFDM symbols that make up a slot decreases.
 18. The apparatusof claim 14, wherein the means for transmitting the first portion of theuplink transmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission durationis configure to: transmit the first portion of the uplink transmissionusing all symbols in a first slot in the first number of slots and afirst subset of symbols in a second slot in the first number of slotssuch that a total duration of transmission is less than the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18,further comprising: means for rate matching the first portion of theuplink transmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission durationbased on a total number of transmitted and unused symbols in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration, wherein any unused symbols in aslot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted are punctured.20. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising: means for ratematching the first portion of the uplink transmission in the firstcontiguous uplink duration based on a total number of symbols in thefirst slot and the first subset of symbols in the second slot, whereinthe first subset of symbols in the second slot corresponds to symbolsavailable for uplink transmissions.
 21. The apparatus of claim 18,wherein a pilot pattern is selected for a slot for which only a subsetof symbols are transmitted based on a number of transmitted symbols. 22.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the pilot pattern corresponding tothe slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted is obtainedby puncturing the pilot pattern for a full slot on any unused symbols.23. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: means fortransmitting a second portion of the uplink transmission in a secondcontiguous uplink transmission duration starting from the unused symbolsof the slot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted in thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration.
 24. The apparatus ofclaim 19, further comprising: means for transmitting a second portion ofthe uplink transmission using all symbols in a third slot in a secondnumber of slots, wherein any unused symbols of the slot for which only asubset of symbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration are punctured.
 25. The apparatus of claim 14,wherein the first contiguous uplink transmission duration and a secondcontiguous uplink transmission duration are located in a same radioframe.
 26. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first contiguousuplink transmission duration and a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration are located in different radio frames.
 27. An apparatus forwireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory;and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:receive information associated with a narrowband time-division duplex(TDD) frame structure having a first contiguous uplink transmissionduration; and transmit a first portion of an uplink transmissioncomprising a first number of slots in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration, wherein the uplink transmission has a durationlonger than the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.
 28. Theapparatus of claim 27, wherein the first portion of the uplinktransmission is transmitted using as many full slots that fit in thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration.
 29. The apparatus ofclaim 27, wherein: when a subcarrier spacing associated with thenarrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a full slot includes sevenorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and is 0.5milliseconds (ms) in length; when the subcarrier spacing associated withthe narrowband TDD frame structure is 7.5 kHz, a full slot includesseven OFDM symbols and is 1 ms in length; and when the subcarrierspacing associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 3.75 kHz,a full slot includes seven OFDM symbols and is 2 ms in length.
 30. Theapparatus of claim 27, wherein a number of orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols that make up a slot is a function ofsubcarrier spacing such that as the subcarrier spacing decreases thenumber of OFDM symbols that make up a slot decreases.
 31. The apparatusof claim 27, wherein the at least one processor is configured totransmit the first portion of the uplink transmission in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration by: transmitting the firstportion of the uplink transmission using all symbols in a first slot inthe first number of slots and a first subset of symbols in a second slotin the first number of slots such that a total duration of transmissionis less than the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.
 32. Theapparatus of claim 31, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: rate match the first portion of the uplink transmissionin the first contiguous uplink transmission duration based on a totalnumber of transmitted and unused symbols in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration, wherein any unused symbols in a slot for whichonly a subset of symbols are transmitted are punctured.
 33. Theapparatus of claim 31, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: rate match the first portion of the uplink transmissionin the first contiguous uplink duration based on a total number ofsymbols in the first slot and the first subset of symbols in the secondslot, wherein the first subset of symbols in the second slot correspondsto symbols available for uplink transmissions.
 34. The apparatus ofclaim 31, wherein a pilot pattern is selected for a slot for which onlya subset of symbols are transmitted based on a number of transmittedsymbols.
 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the pilot patterncorresponding to the slot for which only a subset of symbols aretransmitted is obtained by puncturing the pilot pattern for a full sloton any unused symbols.
 36. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the atleast one processor is further configured to: transmit a second portionof the uplink transmission in a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration starting from the unused symbols of the slot for which only asubset of symbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration.
 37. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the atleast one processor is further configured to: transmit a second portionof the uplink transmission using all symbols in a third slot in a secondnumber of slots, wherein any unused symbols of the slot for which only asubset of symbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplinktransmission duration are punctured.
 38. The apparatus of claim 27,wherein the first contiguous uplink transmission duration and a secondcontiguous uplink transmission duration are located in a same radioframe.
 39. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the first contiguousuplink transmission duration and a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration are located in different radio frames.
 40. A computer-readablemedium storing computer executable code for a user equipment (UE),comprising code to: receive information associated with a narrowbandtime-division duplex (TDD) frame structure having a first contiguousuplink transmission duration; and transmit a first portion of an uplinktransmission comprising a first number of slots in the first contiguousuplink transmission duration, wherein the uplink transmission has aduration longer than the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.41. The computer-readable medium of claim 40, wherein the first portionof the uplink transmission is transmitted using as many full slots thatfit in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration.
 42. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 40, wherein: when a subcarrier spacingassociated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 15 kHz, a fullslot includes seven orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)symbols and is 0.5 milliseconds (ms) in length; when the subcarrierspacing associated with the narrowband TDD frame structure is 7.5 kHz, afull slot includes seven OFDM symbols and is 1 ms in length; and whenthe subcarrier spacing associated with the narrowband TDD framestructure is 3.75 kHz, a full slot includes seven OFDM symbols and is 2ms in length.
 43. The computer-readable medium of claim 40, wherein anumber of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols thatmake up a slot is a function of subcarrier spacing such that as thesubcarrier spacing decreases the number of OFDM symbols that make up aslot decreases.
 44. The computer-readable medium of claim 40, whereinthe code to transmit the first portion of the uplink transmission in thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration is configured to: transmitthe first portion of the uplink transmission using all symbols in afirst slot in the first number of slots and a first subset of symbols ina second slot in the first number of slots such that a total duration oftransmission is less than the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration.
 45. The computer-readable medium of claim 44, furthercomprising code to: rate match the first portion of the uplinktransmission in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration basedon a total number of transmitted and unused symbols in the firstcontiguous uplink transmission duration, wherein any unused symbols in aslot for which only a subset of symbols are transmitted are punctured.46. The computer-readable medium of claim 44, further comprising codeto: rate match the first portion of the uplink transmission in the firstcontiguous uplink duration based on a total number of symbols in thefirst slot and the first subset of symbols in the second slot, whereinthe first subset of symbols in the second slot corresponds to symbolsavailable for uplink transmissions.
 47. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 44, wherein a pilot pattern is selected for a slot for which onlya subset of symbols are transmitted based on a number of transmittedsymbols.
 48. The computer-readable medium of claim 47, wherein the pilotpattern corresponding to the slot for which only a subset of symbols aretransmitted is obtained by puncturing the pilot pattern for a full sloton any unused symbols.
 49. The computer-readable medium of claim 45,further comprising code to: transmit a second portion of the uplinktransmission in a second contiguous uplink transmission durationstarting from the unused symbols of the slot for which only a subset ofsymbols are transmitted in the first contiguous uplink transmissionduration.
 50. The computer-readable medium of claim 45, furthercomprising code to: transmit a second portion of the uplink transmissionusing all symbols in a third slot in a second number of slots, whereinany unused symbols of the slot for which only a subset of symbols aretransmitted in the first contiguous uplink transmission duration arepunctured.
 51. The computer-readable medium of claim 40, wherein thefirst contiguous uplink transmission duration and a second contiguousuplink transmission duration are located in a same radio frame.
 52. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 40, wherein the first contiguousuplink transmission duration and a second contiguous uplink transmissionduration are located in different radio frames.